我国高等教育亟待加强逻辑与批判性思维训练——以南京地区部分高校教学计划为例

在当前大学本科教学的课程设置中,逻辑学的开课覆盖面偏窄、覆盖率偏低,甚至空缺,缺乏对学生批判性思维的培养和训练。另一方面,却是社会需求日益增加,在升学和求职考试中,对逻辑知识、批判性思维能力的考查日益加重。各高校应该加强逻辑学课程教学,改变这种学与用、供和需脱节的现状,提高大学生逻辑思维能力。     

关于社会主义新农村建设中若干重大关系的辩证思考

建设社会主义新农村是我国现代化建设进程中的重大历史任务,也是我国2020年全面实现小康社会的目标之一,同时也是构建社会主义和谐社会的重要部分。通过社会调查从哲学角度对社会主义新农村建设中的若干重大关系进行了辨证思考,并提出自己的主张。     

Evaluation plan of the 6for6 research skills program for rural and remote physicians

Overwhelming issues and barriers often prevent rural and remote physicians (RRPs) from pursuing the many socially accountable research questions they encounter on a daily basis. Although research training programs can empower RRPs to rise to these challenges, there is a lack of evidence on how they should be developed and refined. At Memorial University, a faculty development program (FDP) called 6for6 has been helping RRPs surmount their research quagmires and engage in scholarship since 2014. After an initial three-year (2014-17) pilot, we prepared a detailed plan to evaluate the 6for6 research FDP for RRPs and inform future years of delivery. Using a modified Delphi method and participatory action model a group of program team members, stakeholders and evaluation experts developed an evaluation plan including a logic model and an evaluation matrix addressing five key themes. To our knowledge, this is the first evaluation plan for a research-focused FDP targeting RRPs. While this plan was developed specifically for the 6for6 FDP, our approach to its development may be useful to any institution interested in evaluating an FDP with limited resources.     

Balance with logic-measuring the performance and sustainable development efforts of an NPO in rural Ethiopia

The analysis of performance of Not-for-profit organisations (NPOs) is difficult because there are several objectives and perspectives to NPO performance and accountability, especially if considered sustainably and in long term. This suggests that performance analysis and measurement of NPOs might also involve multiple perspectives, such as in Balanced Scorecard (BSC) or in the Logical Framework (LF) models.This article is a case study of analysing the sustainable development and performance of an NPO in rural Ethiopia. We propose the Logic Balanced Scorecard (LBSC) model that combines elements of BSC and LF. This proposal was preliminarily used and tested in a five-year interventionist accounting case study among eight villages in rural Ethiopia. Advances in performance measurement may help improving the socioeconomic, agricultural and nutritional situation in the area. Further, an improved analysis of performance, sustainability and accountability of NPOs may make development projects easier to plan, follow and assess.     

高校美育与素质教育诸方面之辩证统一关系

目前 ,高校部分师生对于如何“全面推进素质教育”,如何认识美育与德智体诸方面的相互关系 ,存有认识上的片面性和教学实践安排不到位的问题 ,轻视美育的倾向依然存在。因此 ,很有必要再认识美育具有的以美引善、以美求真、以美塑美的重要作用 ,再认识美育与德育、智育、体育等教育形式相互统一的辩证关系 ,并对美育认识产生片面性的原因作一分析     

论黑格尔概念自我运动的实质

概念的自我运动是辩证思维即哲学思维的重要特征,深刻理解概念的自我运动是掌握辩证思维的前提。本文通过对表象思维和形式逻辑思维与哲学思维的比较分析,以期说明概念自我运动的实质,即人类的精神在概念自我运动的过程所构成的人类的哲学认识史。     

胡塞尔对“事实迷信”的批判

胡塞尔曾指出,自然主义与历史主义的共同特征就是“事实迷信”。对于“事实迷信”的批判是贯穿在胡塞尔自《逻辑研究》开始的哲学进程中的一条重要线索。     

试论禅宗修辞的非逻辑性

描写和分析禅宗修辞非逻辑性的几种主要表现形式,并从佛教思维与世俗逻辑思维相结合的角度阐释其修辞作用的机制.禅宗修辞是一种特殊的积极修辞,它在突破逻辑、违反逻辑--即非逻辑性方面比所有世俗语境中的修辞都更加突出、更加普遍,这是因为非逻辑性思维是禅者获得开悟的基本理路,其作用远远超过逻辑思维.     

从“官吏分途”到“层级分流”:帝国逻辑下的中国官僚人事制度

魏晋南北朝以来的“官吏分途”是中国官僚体制的重大制度变迁,本文从这一角度出发,审视当代中国官员的空间流动状况,提出以“官吏相对谱系”为特点的“层级分流”模式。文章从周雪光的“帝国逻辑”分析框架出发,借用史学研究和社会科学理论来认识和解释人事制度安排与帝国治理逻辑之间的关系。文章认为,从“官吏分途”到“层级分流”,这一人事制度造成了官僚体制的二元结构及其迥然不同的职业生涯、激励设置和利益群体,为中国官僚体制的运作打上了鲜明烙印。本文充实和扩展了“帝国逻辑”的理论思路。     

论培根归纳逻辑

弗兰西斯·培根在对旧逻辑批判的基础上,创立了以观察和实验为基础的归纳法--科学归纳法.培根归纳法的问世,创立了近代归纳逻辑的第一个形态.培根归纳法的特质包括其归纳法是一种排除归纳法,突出了分析方法,注重证据的质量,与实验自然科学的兴起相适应,其归纳方法论包含着某些朴素的辩证法因素.尽管,培根的归纳法有一定的局限性;但是,培根的归纳法在近现代归纳逻辑的发展中的影响和作用是不容低估的.应当用唯物辩证法的观点和方式,对培根的归纳法进行认识和评价.