Economic growth and welfare: How Foreign Direct Investment contributes to improving social order in less developed countries

Abstract

Does Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) promote development? And does it change social order? The attempt to answer these questions will always be controversial, because, first, the effects differ from context to context, and second, it is highly difficult to measure the (positive) spillovers of know-how and technology etc., as well as of contributions to enhancing social responsibility and improving the standards of living in the host country. The outcome will very much depend on how state governments, international bodies, the business world and non-governmental organizations collaborate. Likewise, interdisciplinary collaboration is required to research the issue, between well-trained economists, investment theory specialists, sociologists and ethicists. For this, our article combines a large number of arguments on market and investment theory, business ethics, John H. Dunning’s eclectic paradigm, etc. It examines whether there is practical evidence to support the assumption that doing business through FDI improves social conditions in less developed countries, and whether the logic for this to happen is rooted in ethical theory. The article contributes to insights from the appropriate sub-stream of the development, FDI and poverty/bottom of the pyramid literature, and to highlighting which trends should be followed in academic research. However, there are limitations to the article, which lie with the limitations of ethics frameworks, as these are often only constructed based on certain moral appeal, and only very few of them examine the incentive compatibility of such constructs.     

Intergenerational Issues in Long Term Planning

No abstract available for this article.     

Why Do They Leave? Factors Associated With Job Termination Among Personal Assistant Workers in Home Care

Recruiting and retaining an adequate number of personal support workers in home care is both challenging and essential to allowing elders to age in place. A mixed-method, longitudinal study examined turnover in a sample of 261 personal support workers in Maine; 70 workers (26.8%) left their employment in the first year of the study. Logistic regression analysis indicated that younger age and lack of health insurance were significant predictors of turnover. Analysis of telephone interviews revealed three overarching themes related to termination: job not worthwhile, personal reasons, and burnout. Implications of study findings for gerontological social workers are outlined.     

Examining Sex Differences in the Use of Direct and Indirect Aggression

Direct and indirect aggressive behaviors were studied using surveys and interviews of students in two public schools. The variables of “sex-of-aggressor” and “sex-of-target” were included. Claims in previous research that girls engage in far more indirect aggression than boys are not supported. Further, it was found that girls are more likely to target the opposite sex with direct aggression than boys. This suggests more gender fluidity in the use of aggression by girls and adds to a growing body of research that dispels the notion that direct and indirect aggression can be neatly sorted into male and female categories of behavior.

Estimating Ethnic Genetic Interests: Is It Adaptive to Resist Replacement Migration?

Analyses of the costs and benefits of immigration have not considered the dependence of an ethny's reproductive fitness on its monopoly of a demarcated territory. Global assays of human genetic variation allow estimation of the genetic losses incurred by a member of a population when random fellow ethnics are replaced by immigrants from different ethnies. This potential loss defines an individual's ethnic genetic interest as a quantity that varies with the genetic distance of potential immigrants. W. D. Hamilton showed that self-sacrificial altruism is adaptive when it preserves the genetic interests of a population of genetically similar individuals. Ethnic genetic interest can be so large that altruism on behalf of one's ethny—'ethnic nepotism'—can be adaptive when it prevents replacement. It follows that ethnies usually have an interest in securing and maintaining a monopoly over a demarcated territory, an idea consonant with the universal nationalism of Bismarck and Woodrow Wilson.     

习近平法治思想中的监察法治思维体系论

习近平法治思想蕴含深刻的监察法治思维,在理论和实践两个层面形成了立体多层的监察法治思维体系.从理论维度上看,囊括了党的领导思维、人民主体思维、中国法治思维、全面反腐思维;从实践向度上看,强调将党的领导贯彻于反腐实践,通过法治反腐来增进人民幸福,促使监察制度优势转化为监督治理效能,凭借高质量监督推进反腐工作高质量发展.监察法治思维体系集中表达了新时代国家监察体制改革持续深化的基本逻辑与核心要义,即党以法治的方式实现对公权力运行的全面监督.习近平法治思想发展了监察法治思维并引领监察法治实践迈向新高度,促进全面依法治国中党的领导更有制度体现,反腐为民更具制度效能,法治方式更有人才支撑,全面反腐更具法治保障.     

习近平法治思想指导下坚持统筹推进国内法治和涉外法治

在高度全球化的当下,国际国内大局你中有我,我中有你,国内法治和涉外法治同步交织、相互影响。坚持统筹推进国内法治和涉外法治是习近平总书记从法治助力中华民族伟大复兴的高度,从法治保障国家战略目标实现的维度,从国际秩序调整和全球治理完善的角度提出的重要命题,是习近平法治思想的核心命题之一。这是中国应对世界百年未有之大变局的最佳选择,是中国积极参与全球治理,推动国际关系民主化的必然选择。坚持统筹推进国内法治和涉外法治,一方面要运用法治方式维护国家主权、安全、发展利益;另一方面要积极贡献中国方案和中国智慧,推动国际法治,构建人类命运共同体。     

论中国保障信息安全的法治路径

法治化是维护国家信息安全的重要措施。为提高中国信息安全的法治保障能力,应尽快制定《中华人民共和国保障信息安全法》,健全国家信息法制建设的框架基础;制定《未成年人信息安全保护法》、《网络游戏管理法》,保障未成年人身心健康成长权益不受侵害;重视提高法律对公民隐私通讯数据保护的能力;健全国家信息安全领域的法律制度与司法机制,强化政府建设与管理信息化的法律责任;严厉打击危害国家信息安全的犯罪行为,构建统筹规范信息网络的高效运营体制;推进信息技术自主创新和系统可控的安全运行模式,依法推进和规范信息网络实名制,严厉打击黑客行为,积极开展保障国家信息安全的国际合作。     

无望速成 无诱势利——论韩愈《答李翊书》中的为文之道

韩愈论文之言不多,《答李翊书》是其极为重要的一篇。在《答李翊书》中,韩愈对李翊所问的＂立言＂之事进行了回复。李翊以立言问于韩昌黎,不过是想要知道如何写作古文,本无心以立言为己之志,韩愈却借此之间,演绎了一篇及其精彩的文字。本文试从具体分析韩愈自我论述的生平实践经验出发,以＂无望速成＂＂,无诱势利＂为切入点,解读韩愈的为文之道。     

Market Impact on IT Security Spending

Traditionally, IT security investment decisions are made in isolation. However, as firms that compete for customers in an industry are closely interlinked, a macro perspective is needed in analyzing these decisions. We utilize the notions of direct‐ and cross‐risk elasticity to describe the customer response to adverse IT security events in the firm and competitor, respectively, thus allowing us to analyze optimal security investment decisions. Examining both symmetric and asymmetric duopoly cases using a continuous‐time Markov chain (CTMC) model, we demonstrate that optimal IT security spending, expected firm profits and willingness of firms to cooperate on security improvements are highly dependent on the nature of customer response to adverse events. We also examine the investment problem when security attacks on different firms are correlated.