12～13世纪的南北词派及其关系

北宋亡国后随着政治上的南北分治 ,词文学创作也分化为建立在地理文化意义上的南宗与北宗两大体派 ,两派在题材内容、艺术风格、审美祈向及词体形式等方面呈现出各自不同的特色 ,但南北词坛并非绝对封闭和隔绝 ,而是始终存在着一个交流、互动和融合的关系     

MNCs and micro-entrepreneurship in emerging economies: The case of Avon in the Amazon

This article examines the activities of multinational corporations (MNCs) in the direct sales industry through an ethnographic case study of micro-entrepreneurship in the Brazilian Amazon. In large emerging economies, intra-country heterogeneity poses challenges for MNCs. Because national trends often obscure regional variations, the case study highlights the realities of the rural Amazon, and the specific challenges and potential for MNCs. Findings from the case study support three propositions. The development of direct sales networks in remote areas facilitates: (1) additional entrepreneurship, and encourages a progression from necessity to opportunity entrepreneurship; (2) social change in gender norms, including higher level of female empowerment and decision-making within families and communities; and (3) a reconciliation of local and global values on beauty and fashion for customers, leading to stronger brand relationships. By leveraging micro-entrepreneurship, MNCs can compete with local firms, even in rural areas lacking basic infrastructure, to the benefit of communities and individuals.     

立法语言模糊性:一个法社会学视角

准确历来是立法语言的灵魂,也是立法者尽力追求的主要立法原则之一.但是,由于种种因素的限制,使用模糊语言却是在制定法律时不可回避的事实.从法社会学的角度对立法语言中的模糊现象进行阐释,有利于人们正确认识立法语言模糊性得以产生的广阔的社会文化背景、形成过程中的社会支持因素和制约机制,以及其对法治建设的积极和消极的影响.     

Efficient crossover designs in the presence of interactions between direct and carry-over treatment effects

Crossover designs, or repeated measurements designs, are used for experiments in which t treatments are applied to each of n experimental units successively over p time periods. Such experiments are widely used in areas such as clinical trials, experimental psychology and agricultural field trials. In addition to the direct effect on the response of the treatment in the period of application, there is also the possible presence of a residual, or carry-over, effect of a treatment from one or more previous periods. We use a model in which the residual effect from a treatment depends upon the treatment applied in the succeeding period; that is, a model which includes interactions between the treatment direct and residual effects. We assume that residual effects do not persist further than one succeeding period.A particular class of strongly balanced repeated measurements designs with n=t² units and which are uniform on the periods is examined. A lower bound for the A-efficiency of the designs for estimating the direct effects is derived and it is shown that such designs are highly efficient for any number of periods p=2,…,2t.     

Kronecker Products in ANOVA—A First Step

In the complete balanced model for the analysis of variance, the equivalence of sums of squares and quadratic forms is seen to imply well-fitting patterns involving Kronecker products of identity matrices and scalar multiples of matrices with all elements equal to 1. The questions of symmetry, idempotency, and orthogonality so central to this topic are answered by simple multiplications; ranks are determined from simple traces. The associations between the forms of the two-factor model are presented here in a way that is accessible to first-year students and makes generalizations to higher order models transparent. The lack of patterns in incomplete or unbalanced models is noted. Additional steps in design and analysis are suggested in the references.     

Simulation on probability points for testing of lognormal or weibull distribution with a small sample

Two extensive computer simulated tables of percentage points of the asymptotic test statistics for testing lognormal or Weibull population proposed by Pereira (1978) are discussed. Special attention is given to small sample cases. Some of the most commonly used 16 symmetrical probability points are reported. These points are 0.001, 0.005, 0.01. 002. 0.025. 0.05. 0.10.0.15, 0.85, 0.90, 0.95, 0.975, 0.98, 0.99, 0.995 and 0.999. These empirical Sumulated results can be used to test hypotheses for these two particular populations and are adequate when using a normal approximation.     

从矛盾走向和谐：我国农村经济法治体系构建

农村经济从传统向现代转型,农村经济法治是农村经济现代化的应有之义和重要标示。哲学范畴内社会发展是伴随着生产力和生产关系之间持续的矛盾冲突与调适来不断演进的,生产力与生产关系的辩证统一理应成为农村经济法治体系构建的本原基点,效益、文化、环境和公平共同构成了独特的体系维度和价值序列。以市场经济为基础,以农业可持续发展为目标,以发展权利平等实现为核心的现代农村经济法治体系,既要注重法治经济的共性,更要注重农村经济的个性,着力解决现代农业生产力发展要求与现存生产关系之间的基础性矛盾,促进农村经济法治从矛盾走向和谐。     

论政府社会管理创新的法治化路径——由“法治湖南”引发的思考

加强和创新社会管理,是协调社会利益、化解社会矛盾、增进社会和谐的必然要求。湖南省顺势而为,创造了推进社会管理法治化的改革路径,促进了政府社会管理从"管制"向"服务"、"全能"向"有限"、"刚性"向"柔性","实体"向"程序"的转变,为创新我国社会管理提供了一条具有参照意义的新路。     

儒家文化视野中的“大国地位”

随着中国的和平发展,中国＂大国地位＂愈加明确。中国应当行儒家的＂王道＂,反对恃强凌弱的＂霸道＂,以仁道、公道、恕道处理国际事务,在把国内事情办好的前提下,成为世界上公正而有威信的＂负责任的大国＂。     

Optimal block designs with non additive mixed effects interference

This paper deals with optimality aspects of block designs balanced for interference effects from neighboring units on both sides under a general non additive model along with random block effects. Here, a class of complete, circular block designs strongly balanced for interference effects has been shown to be universally optimal for the estimation of direct effects and interference effects (left and right) of treatments under a non additive mixed effects model.