Book Reviews

Books reviewed
Tannen, Deborah. The Argument Culture: Changing the Way We Argue and Debate .
Adger, Carolyn Temple; Christian, Donna; Taylor, Orlando (eds.) Making the Connection: Language and Academic Achievement among African American Students .
Shuy, Roger W. The Language of Confession, Interrogation, and Deception .
Hutchby, Ian and Wooffitt, Robin. Conversation Analysis .
Ainsworth-Vaughn, Nancy. Claiming Power in Doctor-Patient Talk .
Eco, Umberto. Serendipities: Language and Lunacy .
Beal, Joan. English Pronunciation in the Eighteenth Century: Thomas Spence's 'Grand Repository of the English Language' .
Habermas, Jürgen. On the Pragmatics of Communication .     

Early language socialization and language shift: Kazakh as Baby Talk

This paper draws attention to the key role of a caregiver's bilingual language practices in the process of language shift. It argues that certain multilingual practices actually discourage children's multilingualism and devalue the language at the same time as they provide preverbal children with direct input. The analysis is based on data collected in Russophone urban families of ethnic Kazakhs. Drawing from work on registers and footing, the paper demonstrates that in these families the Kazakh language, while quantitatively prevailing in caregiver's speech, systematically co‐occurs with Baby Talk – a specific register directed to infants and toddlers in their preverbal stage. The metapragmatic typification of talking Kazakh to non‐agentive objects‐of‐minding, and talking Russian to autonomous social agents, suggests that language practices envision expert members of the local community as Russian speaking. This ideology sustains the ongoing language shift to Russian despite families’ aspiration to raise Kazakh‐Russian bilingual children.     

语言学习理念研究综述

语言学习理念对学习者的态度、行为、学习方法、途径和策略、学习效果都有较大的影响.对语言教学理念的研究是了解语言学习者和语言学习过程的重要途径.对提高语言学习和教学效率有着重要的意义.本文在大量文献检索的基础上,归纳了语言学习的定义、特点、范围、类型和对语言学习理念的研究方法,分析了语言学习理念能否改变的问题,对实证研究发现的不同群体的一些语言学习理念差异作了简单介绍,并提出了语言学习理念研究尚待进一步研究的一些问题.     

从《五体清文鉴》满语构词附加成分——tu看蒙古语对满语的影响

该文认为满语构词附加成分-tu很可能来源于蒙古书面语，是在满蒙书面语的相互接触和影响过程中由蒙古语借入满语的。由此，可以看出蒙古书面语对满语产生了很大的影响。     

Language shift and the family: Questions from the Sri Lankan Tamil diaspora1

Fishman's Graded Intergenerational Disruption Scale (GIDS) emphasizes the family in maintaining the heritage languages of immigrant communities. This study uses interview data from Sri Lankan Tamil communities in the U.S.A., U.K., and Canada to explain how families account for the rapid loss of Tamil in the diaspora. It shows how the positive valuation of English since British colonization, the need to make up for past deprivations because of caste, religious, and gender inequality, the pressure for migrants to join the social mainstream, and the need to resolve intergenerational tensions influence the family to forego language maintenance goals. The findings encourage us to situate the family in macro‐social institutions, power, and history in order to understand the prospects for language maintenance. The article provides an inside view of the Sri Lankan Tamil migrant families to explain how they resolve the tensions of valuing cultural identity and yet disregarding heritage language proficiency.     

外语磨蚀对高校高年级学生的影响

本文从高校高年级大学生的磨蚀前外语水平、受蚀时间、与受蚀语的接触,年龄,外语习得方式、社会情感因素和读写能力几方面分析语言磨蚀对高年级大学生外语水平的影响。     

儿童钢琴教学方法初探

本文指出了当前儿童钢琴教学中存在的问题,并从训练学童听觉、教学语言、启发式教育等方面提出了多鼓励少批评,形象教学等一些教学方法。     

从社会文化习俗看母语干涉

母语干涉是应用语言学中一项重要的内容，也是语言和外语教学过程中的一大难题。社会文化习俗在很多方面潜移默化地对中国的英语学习者起着负面影响。使他们在写作、翻译、交际等领域不经意地犯错误。让英语国家的社会文化习俗走进课堂，是在此领域避免母语干涉行之有效的办法。     

语言符号理据性的语用考察

作为语言符号的一种属性和语言研究的一种视野,理据性可以从语用角度考察,这样做有助于解决语言理据的历时存在与经验考证之间的矛盾,从而为理据研究提供有力的理论支持和事实依据。     

身势语在英语教学中的运用

在英语教学过程中,为交流信息、传递感情,教师在使用语言交际的同时,还会使用多种非语言交际手段,身势语则是非语言交际中表现力最强也是最丰富的一种,并且在交际中有着口语无法替代、只可意会难以言传的魅力。在英语教学活动中,教师能否正确运用身势语,对能否营造学习英语的浓郁文化氛围,能否激活学生的积极学习兴趣,能否潜移默化地影响学生注意力,都起着潜在的重要作用。身势语是英语教学中潜在的隐性力量,关系着英语教学能否有效进行。