How fair can employers be?

In this article we examine three concepts of fairness in employment decisions. Two of these concepts are widely known in the literature as “Fairness 1”and “Fairness 2”. The third concept, which we refer to as “Fairness 0”, is defined and introduced here. Fairness 0 applies to the hiring stage, whereas Fairness 1 and Fairness 2 apply to the placement or promotion stages of employment. Our results have important policy implications. We show that the three concepts of fairness can only rarely be achieved simultaneously.     

Can efficiency be gained by correcting for misclassification?

This paper considers 2×2 tables arising from case–control studies in which the binary exposure may be misclassified. We found circumstances under which the inverse matrix method provides a more efficient odds ratio estimator than the naive estimator. We provide some intuition for the findings, and also provide a formula for obtaining the minimum size of a validation study such that the variance of the odds ratio estimator from the inverse matrix method is smaller than that of the naive estimator, thereby ensuring an advantage for the misclassification corrected result. As a corollary of this result, we show that correcting for misclassification does not necessarily lead to a widening of the confidence intervals, but, rather, in addition to producing a consistent estimate, can also produce one that is more efficient.     

A statistical method for the serial comparison of vector cardiograms

In the absence of quantitative clinical standards to detect serial changes in cardiograms, statistical procedures are proposed as an alternative. These procedures are preceded by a dimension reducing orthonormal transformation of the original digitized cardiogram into a lower dimensional feature space. In feature space, mul-tivariate test criteria are given for the detection of changes in covariance matrices or mean vectors of the cardiograms. The flexibility is provided to compare the cardiograms of the same individual pairwise or simultaneously. Some pertinent remarks are also made about controlling the overall level of significance and its impact on the application of these techniques to cardiograms of USAF pilots.     

A General Class of Distributions: Properties and Applications

ABSTRACT

In this article, we derive a general class of distributions and establish its relationship to χ² distribution. The proposed class includes normal, inverse Gaussian, lognormal, gamma, Rayleigh, and Maxwell distributions. Various statistical properties of the class are discussed. Some applications of the class are given.     

中国区域碳强度目标设定的情景分析——以北京市为例

运用情景分析方法,对区域碳强度目标的设定问题进行研究,以区域碳排放模型为基础,根据模型中的重要影响因素进行情景设定,分析预测区域自身的碳强度降低情况,从而制定出适合本区域的碳强度目标。以北京市为例,设定出15种不同的发展情景,分析在不同情景下碳强度目标的实现情况。研究表明:北京市“十二五”期间的碳强度降低18%的目标是合理的;北京市2005—2020年的碳强度目标在45%~50%之间会更为合理;北京市“十三五”期间碳强度降低区间应在6%~8%之间。对北京市而言,经济增长水平的提高、产业结构中第三产业占比的提高,城市化进程的平稳发展,都能促进碳强度目标的实现。     

地方院校如何培养大学生的创新能力——湖北师范学院生命科学学院的教育探索

湖北师范学院生命科学学院在培养在校大学生创新能力这一课题上进行了积极有效的探索。文章从育人理念、课程体系、教学方法和科研训练等角度总结了生命科学学院在培养大学生创新能力上的探索和实践。由此得出了地方院校在创新人才培养中具有重要作用;创新人才培养是一个系统工程,需要系统设计与推进;创新人才培养需要结合专业实际等重要启示。     

C2C网络零售环境下负面评价信息的反馈策略研究

基于已有研究成果,以店铺的选择意愿作为反馈策略有效性的衡量指标,构建出一个理论模型,并通过实证分析的结果对C2C网络零售环境下负面评价信息的反馈策略提出了自己的建议。研究发现,在控制住其他影响因素后,负面评价信息类型与反馈策略方式成为影响店铺选择意愿的两个要素,二者之间还存在着显著的交互效应。基于这一研究成果,本研究提出两点建议。第一,店铺运营者应首先对感性负面评价信息进行反馈,先后有序地解决问题。第二,店铺运营者针对感性负面评价信息进行反馈时,应更多地运用理性反馈策略展开工作;而针对理性负面评价信息进行反馈时,则应该更多地运用感性反馈策略展开工作,统筹兼顾地解决问题。     

P2P网络借贷：国际发展与中国实践

2011年以来,伴随着温州民间借贷事件的曝光,人们难免不对我国P2P网络借贷平台的潜在风险表示担忧。为此,文章深入分析了国外P2P的产生、发展现状、主要模式和特点,并在此基础上对我国P2P发展的主要模式和新探索进行比较分析,揭示发展中存在的主要问题,最后有针对性地提出了政策建议。     

纳米分等级结构氧化铟材料的制备及其气敏特性的研究

利用十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)和N,N二甲基甲酰胺(DMF),采取水热-退火方法合成具有纳米分等级结构的氧化铟。通过X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、场发射扫描电子显微镜(SEM)表征所制备的样品。结果表明,合成产物为纳米片组成的分等级结构花装氧化铟,纳米片的厚度约为20 nm。气敏性测试结果表明,以该方法合成的氧化铟,对NO2气体有较高的灵敏度与较好选择性。     

FDI对福建省碳排放的影响研究

简要分析和介绍了福建省吸引FDI和能源碳排放的基本情况,运用协整分析法和格兰杰因果关系检验法检验了2001-2011年福建省吸引的FDI与能源碳排放之间的关系.结果表明：福建省吸引的FDI与能源碳排放增长之间存在着长期协整关系;福建省吸引的FDI是福建省碳排放增长的原因.