从“君为臣纲”到君臣“两立”——汉末君臣关系的新变化

汉末,在政治秩序濒于崩溃的社会现实的刺激下,汉末士人们强调臣之"忠"的条件性,进而明确地提出君臣"两立"的观点,尝试从两个不同的向度对君臣关系作了深入的讨论,从而呈现出与东汉早期"君为臣纲"强调臣对君绝对服从完全不同的特点。     

东瓯国都地望初探

《史记·东越列传》记载中的西汉东瓯国内容简短,故其国都所在,至今仍是一大悬案。2006年9月,浙江省文物考古研究所在温岭市大溪镇塘山村北发现了一座西汉之时平面呈"甲"字形的大型土坑木椁墓(M1),附近又有一座城址,发掘者遂宣称东瓯国都在温岭大溪,而塘山大墓则是东瓯王陵。本文从其古城方位与规模、塘山大墓及其随葬品特点,并通过对东瓯国史料、疆域和方言的全面剖析,以及温州的历史沿革,结合考古文物新发现,从而主张东瓯国都应在温州市区,温州建城实应始自公元前192年。     

关于“文学自觉时代”的再认识

中国古代文学史上“文学的自觉时代”始于何时的问题 ,上一个世纪曾出现多种说法。本文不同意“形成于西汉中期”说 ,认为“形成于魏晋”和“形成于魏晋南北朝”说时限太宽泛 ,也晚了一些 ,应该是肇始于东汉中后期 ,形成于汉末、魏初 ,即建安时期     

论苏联东欧剧变给我党在新的历史条件下的启示

东欧剧变,前苏联解体,是上个世纪末世界形势的一大巨变。东西方两大阵营的对抗格局被打破,冷战结束。回顾历史,可以发现东欧苏联发展中的诸多问题,主要包括:在西方资本主义的影响下,其国内没有形成坚定的共同信念,没有大幅度提高生产及改善人民生活,国内民族矛盾冲突不断等。因而,我党在新的历史条件下,要吸取经验教训,坚持走中国特色的社会主义道路,抓住“一个中心,两个基本点”不动摇,坚持把发展作为执政兴国的第一要务,不断加强民族团结,尤其还要进一步加强党的建设,努力提高我党在新时期的执政地位和执政能力。     

Fertility Decline in Russia in the Early and Mid 1990s: The Role of Economic Uncertainty and Labour Market Crises

This paper analyses the fertility decline in Russia during theearly and mid 1990s from both a macro- and micro-perspective and presents astriking divergence between these two empirical viewpoints. While the formersuggests that the fertility decline after 1989 is associated with theeconomic hardship accompanying the transition to a market economy, themicro-evidence using the Russian Longitudinal Monitoring Survey is to thecontrary. There is no negative association between labour market uncertaintyor a labour market crisis and fertility, and frequently there is even apositive association. That is, women or couples who are themselves affectedby labour market crises often had a higher probability of having anotherchild in the period 1994–1996 than women/couples who were less affected bysuch crises. The lack of a negative association, and the presence of apositive association in many instances, is surprising from the standpoint ofeconomic fertility theory. It is also contrary to many explanatory theoriesabout the recent fertility decline in Central and Eastern European countriesthat are built on a more or less direct connection between the labour marketor an economic crisis and low fertility.     

对苏东剧变原因和历史教训的再认识

文章遵循辩证唯物主义与历史唯物主义的观点、方法，客观地分析了苏东剧变的外部原因、历史原因、基础性原因、直接原因、决定性原因，从五个方面总结了其经验教训．     

两晋江东大族群体政治心态演变的历史考察

江东大族群体是一支在两晋之际江东政局中有着举足轻重影响的重要力量。随着两晋天下及江东形势的不断变化 ,他们不断地调整自己的政治心态。在经历了一番痛苦的挣扎后 ,他们选择了与“侨姓”士族合作的道路 ,最终促成了东晋王朝偏安江南的政治局面     

Sustaining Think Tanks in the Former Soviet Bloc

Think tanks in the former Soviet bloc face the stark challenge of sustainability. To survive and prosper, they have to be increasingly entrepreneurial and business-like and have to actively seek contracts from government and the international donor community. In this context, this paper discusses the diversification strategies of four think tanks identified to be particularly entrepreneurial in developing new lines of work. This includes commercial activities similar to those of consulting firms, and tapping the business community for donations by offering seminars or other products. The paper reviews how these institutions identified and assessed various opportunities, and how they promoted a new line of work. It also explores the rewards—financial and other—and the challenges that are created by the new types of work within the organizations.     

Research Note: The Future of Third-Sector Teaching and Research in Central and Eastern Europe

This research note addresses issues, concerns, and opportunities for teachers and researchers of the third sector in Central and Eastern Europe, drawing on experiences in Bulgaria, Croatia, Estonia, and Hungary. The paper briefly outlines the development of the third sector in the aforementioned countries, and describes the current state of third sector teaching and research there. It then frames the challenges for the region's teachers and researchers, and proposes an appropriate role for the West, commenting upon the West's relevance within Central and Eastern Europe.     

试论第二战场开辟的作用

第二战场的开辟对于整个反法西斯战争的结局起着至关重要的作用。它的开辟打击和消耗了德军的军事力量,加强了苏美英之间的团结合作,减轻了苏德战场上苏军的压力,增强了欧洲人民反法西斯斗争的信心和勇气,从而保证了欧洲反法西斯战争取得全面胜利。