对苏东剧变原因和历史教训的再认识

文章遵循辩证唯物主义与历史唯物主义的观点、方法，客观地分析了苏东剧变的外部原因、历史原因、基础性原因、直接原因、决定性原因，从五个方面总结了其经验教训．     

两晋江东大族群体政治心态演变的历史考察

江东大族群体是一支在两晋之际江东政局中有着举足轻重影响的重要力量。随着两晋天下及江东形势的不断变化 ,他们不断地调整自己的政治心态。在经历了一番痛苦的挣扎后 ,他们选择了与“侨姓”士族合作的道路 ,最终促成了东晋王朝偏安江南的政治局面     

Sustaining Think Tanks in the Former Soviet Bloc

Think tanks in the former Soviet bloc face the stark challenge of sustainability. To survive and prosper, they have to be increasingly entrepreneurial and business-like and have to actively seek contracts from government and the international donor community. In this context, this paper discusses the diversification strategies of four think tanks identified to be particularly entrepreneurial in developing new lines of work. This includes commercial activities similar to those of consulting firms, and tapping the business community for donations by offering seminars or other products. The paper reviews how these institutions identified and assessed various opportunities, and how they promoted a new line of work. It also explores the rewards—financial and other—and the challenges that are created by the new types of work within the organizations.     

Research Note: The Future of Third-Sector Teaching and Research in Central and Eastern Europe

This research note addresses issues, concerns, and opportunities for teachers and researchers of the third sector in Central and Eastern Europe, drawing on experiences in Bulgaria, Croatia, Estonia, and Hungary. The paper briefly outlines the development of the third sector in the aforementioned countries, and describes the current state of third sector teaching and research there. It then frames the challenges for the region's teachers and researchers, and proposes an appropriate role for the West, commenting upon the West's relevance within Central and Eastern Europe.     

试论第二战场开辟的作用

第二战场的开辟对于整个反法西斯战争的结局起着至关重要的作用。它的开辟打击和消耗了德军的军事力量,加强了苏美英之间的团结合作,减轻了苏德战场上苏军的压力,增强了欧洲人民反法西斯斗争的信心和勇气,从而保证了欧洲反法西斯战争取得全面胜利。     

Exchange rate and wage policies in Central and Eastern Europe

After the eastern enlargement of the European Union (EU) and due to increasing labor market integration, wage determination in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) has become a key issue in European economic policy making. In addition, a controversial discussion concerning the monetary integration of CEE countries into the EMU has emerged. Both issues have earned particular academic and political interest because Eastern and Western Europe are at different stages of economic development and volatile international capital flows seem to require either a higher degree of wage or exchange rate flexibility. Based on the Scandinavian model of wage adjustment by Lindbeck (1979), we analyze the role of exchange rates in the wage determination process of the Central and Eastern European countries to identify which exchange rate strategy contributes to faster wage convergence in Europe. Panel estimations suggest that workers in countries with fixed exchange rates are likely to benefit in the long run from higher wage increases.     

东晋南朝出土墓志所见地名例释

东晋南朝墓志文中包含着丰富的历史地名资料,尤其是与墓主籍贯、婚姻、仕宦、爵位及葬地等相关的政区地名,加上其兼具作为出土材料之真实性、可靠性的突出特征,故可据之以补充、核实、纠正传世文献的相关记载。本文即择其与传世文献记载颇有岐异者,略作考释,以补史阙。     

陀思妥耶夫斯基与卡尔·马克思

马克思与陀思妥耶夫斯基虽然生活在不同的社会环境之中,但是在面临的任务、追求的目标等方面有许多共同之处。二者最大的不同在于他们为自己社会理想的实现设计了不同的途径:马克思诉诸科学理性和阶级斗争,陀思妥耶夫斯基寄希望于东正教的道德说教。一百多年来的社会历史贯穿着马克思与陀思妥耶夫斯基社会思想的对立与斗争。今天我们看到,资本主义真正走到了自己的历史尽头,共产主义成为历史的必然,但是由于对物质财富的追求飞跃到物质生产的彼岸——人的自由王国,需要人类在灵魂深处完成一场革命,以改变自己的价值目标。正是在这里,显示出了陀思妥耶夫斯基思想的积极意义。     

中东铁路的缘起与沿革

中东铁路是沙俄为缩短西伯利亚铁路,打通太平洋入海口与清政府签订《中俄密约》后,于1898年开始修筑,1903年完工,南满支线几乎同时修筑。中东铁路经历了沙俄、国际共管、中苏共管、日伪、中苏共营几个时期,第二次世界大战结束时,已形成规模宏大的东北铁路网,但直到1952年底,其所有权和经营权才真正回归中国。中东铁路是殖民地铁路业发展的典型。     

论梵二会议后天主教婚姻观的发展——以教会训导为中心的考察

梵二会议是天主教神学的分水岭,天主教会的婚姻观自梵二会议以来发生了巨大的变化。天主教的教会训导是天主教会官方思想的代表,因而探讨天主教婚姻观在梵二会议之后的新发展则必须要关注教会训导中相关的阐述。比较和分析梵二会议前后天主教的官方文件,可以发现二者在对婚姻的性质、目的及婚姻中夫妻关系的表述上均有了看似细微却意义重大的调整和改变,这正是天主教婚姻观发展的表现,而天主教婚姻观的这些发展既是社会历史发展的产物,又是教会伦理神学转向的一部分。