文学生态学批评之“问题意识”刍议——从鲁枢元教授生态学批评观谈起

文学生态学批评的发生有着深刻的“问题意识”背景，而该批评中“问题意识”的凸现又要求着“主题意识”方面的建构与“命题意识”方面的探究，总起来看，该批评意味着一种关于人的认识新范型——“生态人”的出现与一种文学观方面的新理解。     

Ecological Risk Assessment,Prediction, and Assessing Risk Predictions

Ecological risk assessment embodied in an adaptive management framework is becoming the global standard approach for formally assessing and managing the ecological risks of technology and development. Ensuring the continual improvement of ecological risk assessment approaches is partly achieved through the dissemination of not only the types of risk assessment approaches used, but also their efficacy. While there is an increasing body of literature describing the results of general comparisons between alternate risk assessment methods and models, there is a paucity of literature that post hoc assesses the performance of specific predictions based on an assessment of risk and the effectiveness of the particular model used to predict the risk. This is especially the case where risk assessments have been used to grant consent or approval for the construction of major infrastructure projects. While postconstruction environmental monitoring is increasingly commonplace, it is not common for a postconstruction assessment of the accuracy and performance of the ecological risk assessment and underpinning model to be undertaken. Without this “assessment of the assessment,” it is difficult for other practitioners to gain insight into the performance of the approach and models used and therefore, as argued here, this limits the rate of improvement of risk assessment approaches.     

Disability and going green: a comparison of the environmental values and behaviours of persons with and without disability

Some studies have suggested that socially excluded groups exhibit different environmental values and behaviours from mainstream society. To consider this in the context of disability, a survey was implemented to investigate environmental values and ecological behaviour. A high percentage of participants considered themselves to have a disability, long‐standing illness or infirmity. Over half of the sample had restricted physical mobility. The study used the revised New Ecological Paradigm Scale, a widely used measure of pro‐environmental orientation, and the General Ecological Behaviour scale to assess ecological behaviours. No significant differences were found between respondents with/without disability for either their general environmental attitudes or their general ecological behaviour. However, a positive correlation was found between level of physical mobility and general ecological behaviour. The results also show significant differences in the ecological behaviours of those respondents living dependently and those living independently; respondents living in care scored lower on the ecological behaviour scale.     

Manufacturing management strategies for environmental protection: Toward the environmental upgrading of management and manufacturing systems to cope with environmental laws

Recent environmental problems have been caused by business activities and a lifestyle based on mass production, mass consumption and mass disposal. These problems have also become global in scale. Increasingly, global efforts are being applied to preserve and improve the environment. NEC, a worldwide electronics manufacturer, created its own environment action plan called Eco-Action 21. This is a continuously evolving plan applied throughout the NEC group and subsidiaries. Globally, 34 NEC manufacturing sites have received ISO 14001 certification. NEC Tohoku in Japan and NEC Ireland obtained BS 7750 certification even before this. NEC improves subcontractors' environmental behaviour with our accumulated expertize and technology derived from our ISO experience and our own development. Input for this paper was not only from NEC Tohoku and the NEC group, but also from outside NEC.     

Genetic and environmental influences on cognition during childhood

The basic methodology of behavior genetics is described in the context of the twin and sibling/adoption design. Results of applying this model to cross-sectional data on cognitive development throughout the lifespan are presented. Results from a large longitudinal twin and adoption study of general intelligence are presented to illustrate the use of the basic behavior genetic model in studying the causes of continuity and change in development. A special model is presented for the study of abnormal behavior occurring at the extremes of the distribution and an adaptation of the model is discussed for the study of genetic linkage or the mapping of quantitative trait loci (QTL). Results of applying this model to a sample of twins and kindred siblings indicated the presence of a major QTL for dyslexia on chromosome 6. The purpose of the paper is to illustrate the scope of behavior genetic methodology in studying individual differences in behavior in a biosocial context.     

生态文艺学：为了人类“诗意地栖居”

生态文艺学是一门新兴的由现代文艺学与现代生态学交叉而产生的文艺学的分支学科.它以其宏阔的审美意识,一方面关注人与自然的关系,另一方面关注人与人的关系,而这两方面的关系都纳入人性中的灵与肉的冲突之中,为营造人类美好家园,塑造人的诗性灵魂,创造精神良方服务.在当代中国,这门前沿学科在政治上体现为邓小平同志关于物质文明与精神文明建设的有关论述,在实践上体现为“社会的可持续发展”战略.     

论我国推广股票期权制度的困难及其克服

股票期权作为一种对企业家的激励机制在我国还是一种新生事物,这种“舶来的洋货”对我国这种社会主义的发展中国家还有许多不适应,在实际的运行过程中也遇到了许多的困难和障碍.本文从分析这些困难和障碍入手,提出优化和完善法制环境、股票市场和企业家人才市场是我国成功地推广股票期权制度必不可少的前提条件.     

浅析草原的生态效益

本文对草原植被的保持水土、防风固沙、改善土壤生物状况以及净化空气等生态效益作了阐述。     

“国家生态安全”与社会经济发展

"国家生态安全"作为"非传统安全"是"传统安全"观念的发展,它有助于加速全球化这一作为国际社会发展标志性特征的认识。而"国家生态安全"作为对"非传统安全"的一种界定与表述,是当前相关理论研究领域的一种趋势,也是社会经济可持续、稳定发展的现实迫切需求。     

构建我省环境法律体系，保障环境立省战略实施

环境立省的前提是以优良的环境为基础，而优良环境的创造需要相应的法律保障。审视我省现有环境法规、规章，还难于适应我省环境立省发展战略需要，因而，重新梳理、修订相关法规、规章，以构建严密、协调的环境法律体系即成为我省实施环境立省战略的重要任务。