Conceptualizing community in the context of work and family

In recent years, many work-family scholars and practitioners have called for expanding the analysis of work and family to include community. This paper uses the ecological systems approach as a framework for selecting and reviewing community concepts thought to be relevant to the analysis of work, community, and family. Based on the work-family literature and the review of community concepts, the paper creates a set of common categories of characteristics for the analysis of relationships among community, work, and family. The development of such categories is a first step in understanding work, community, and family as interrelated domains. Hopefully, they will be useful for developing and testing hypotheses regarding interrelationships among work, community, and family and the effects of work, community, and family characteristics on domain quality and individual well-being. On a vu, au cours de ces dernières années, de nombreux professeurs et praticiens demander que soit étendue l'analyse du travail et de la famille pour inclure la communauté. Cet article utilise l'approche des systèmes écologiques comme base de sélection et d'étude des principes de communauté considérés pertinents dans l'analyse du travail, de la communauté et de la famille. Ensuite, en s'appuyant sur la littérature visant le travail et la famille, ainsi que sur l'étude des principes de communauté, l'article établit un jeu de catégories communes des caractéristiques permettant l'analyse de rapports entre communauté, travail et famille. L'établissement de telles catégories constitue un premier pas envers une meilleure compréhension de l'interrelation entre les domaines du travail, de la communauté et de la famille. Il est à espérer que cela sera utile envers le développement et l'évaluation des hypothèses visant à établir une relation entre le travail, la communauté et la famille, ainsi que l'influence qu'auraient les caractéristiques du travail, de la communauté et de la famille sur la qualité du domaine et la qualité de la vie.     

Global standards for social work education and training

This paper explores the ways in which social workers can be helped to acquire the wider understanding of relevant legal frameworks which is currently necessary for child-centred practice, given the influence of an ecological perspective on such practice. It arises from the development of a module on child care social work and the community for the Post Qualifying Child Care Award by members of the Law and Social Work Departments at Brunel University. The authors believe that to reach beyond a tokenistic acknowledgement of the ecological perspective requires an understanding and experience of the complex layers which make up the widening and complex social worlds of the child. The paper explains how social workers were encouraged to appreciate both the ever-widening circles of potentially relevant law and the different roles through which law operates. It concludes that a deeper engagement with the legal implications of an ecological dimension to practice would make such practice more effective and would also help combat social exclusion and discrimination.     

Perceptions of efficacy in the use of contemporary film in social work education: An exploratory study

This article discusses the use of contemporary film in social work education, including the theoretical rationale for the inclusion of film from the perspective of narrative and adult learning theory as well as the application of the case method to the use of film. The student viewpoint and perspective is provided through the results of an exploratory research study with 109 Baccalaureate social work students who completed a survey questionnaire following a classroom activity involving a contemporary film. Analysis of the quantitative data and qualitative comments indicates that students believe that film is a beneficial adjunct to textbook and lecture content.     

环境与经济协调发展评价与对策研究——以苏南地区为例

本文以江苏省苏南地区17个样本城市为研究对象,构建了一套环境与经济协调发展的评价指标体系。并在因子分析基础上,测算了苏南地区城市环境与经济的协调度与协调发展度。最终依据上述两个综合评价指标,本文将这些城市分为环境与经济协调发展较好型、一般型和较差型三类,并提出了进一步发展的相关政策建议。     

Who Lives Near Coke Plants and Oil Refineries? An Exploration of the Environmental Inequity Hypothesis

Facility-specific information on pollution was obtained for 36 coke plants and 46 oil refineries in the United States and matched with information on populations surrounding these 82 facilities. These data were analyzed to determine whether environmental inequities were present, whether they were more economic or racial in nature, and whether the racial composition of nearby communities has changed significantly since plants began operations.The Census tracts near coke plants have a disproportionate share of poor and nonwhite residents. Multivariate analyses suggest that existing inequities are primarily economic in nature. The findings for oil refineries are not strongly supportive of the environmental inequity hypothesis. Rank ordering of facilities by race, poverty, and pollution produces limited (although not consistent) evidence that the more risky facilities tend to be operating in communities with above-median proportions of nonwhite residents (near coke plants) and Hispanic residents (near oil refineries). Over time, the racial makeup of many communities near facilities has changed significantly, particularly in the case of coke plants sited in the early 1900s. Further risk-oriented studies of multiple manufacturing facilities in various industrial sectors of the economy are recommended.The authors are all affiliated with the Harvard Center for Risk Analysis     

简论埃及投资环境及中国对埃及的投资取向

本文从埃及政局稳定、区位条件优越、基础设施比较健全和政府实行投资优惠政策等方面入手分析了埃及比较良好的投资环境;提出中国对埃及投资的重点应放在基础设施建设、油气勘探开采和机电纺织等领域;认为中国在埃及投资应有长远目标、充分了解投资政策及其环境等方面,力争获得更大的成效。     

因土成俗：明清江南地区的自然地理环境与葬俗

江南地区水浅土薄的自然地理环境,给人们的营葬提出挑战。为了避免水泉之湿、虫蚁之患,人们从选择葬地、浅土葬埋、灰隔葬法以及葬后培土等方面着手应对,实践证明,综合运用这些葬法,可以在一定程度上避免自然环境带来的不利因素,达到固护棺骸的目的。反映了区域丧葬习俗与自然地理环境之间的重要关系。     

环境理论的历史嬗变

环境管理是当今世界各国政府的一项重要职能。围绕着政府如何管理环境,世界上流行着各种各样的环境理论,为各国政府制定环境政策提供了重要的理论依据。环境理论的历史嬗变,不仅反映了人类环保思想的发展变化,而且折射出各国环境政策的演变及发展趋势。梳理环境理论的演变轨迹,可以对我们今天科学制定环境政策提供有益的启示。     

山区贫困人口与资源与环境的关系——武义县下山脱贫实践的个案剖析

近年来,随着我国经济的快速增长,社会各界日益关注山区贫困人口的生存状况,扶贫工作正在向纵深发展。本文针对山区贫困人口的贫困根源和扶贫方式,采取理论分析和实证分析相结合的方法,通过对浙江省武义县大规模的下山脱贫实践的剖析,认为山区人口贫困的导因在于当地资源和环境的制约,而当地人口与资源及环境关系的相互恶化,则是人口贫困的最终原因,因而下山脱贫是正确处理人和资源及环境关系的最佳路径。