Efficient Estimation of the Seemingly Unrelated Regression Cointegration Model and Testing for Purchasing Power Parity

Abstract

This paper studies the efficient estimation of seemingly unrelated linear models with integrated regressors and stationary errors. We consider two cases. The first one has no common regressor among the equations. In this case, we show that by adding leads and lags of the first differences of the regressors and estimating this augmented dynamic regression model by generalized least squares using the long-run covariance matrix, we obtain an efficient estimator of the cointegrating vector that has a limiting mixed normal distribution. In the second case we consider, there is a common regressor to all equations, and we discuss efficient minimum distance estimation in this context. Simulation results suggests that our new estimator compares favorably with others already proposed in the literature. We apply these new estimators to the testing of the proportionality and symmetry conditions implied by purchasing power parity (PPP) among the G-7 countries. The tests based on the efficient estimates easily reject the joint hypotheses of proportionality and symmetry for all countries with either the United States or Germany as numeraire. Based on individual tests, our results suggest that Canada and Germany are the most likely countries for which the proportionality condition holds, and that Italy and Japan for the symmetry condition relative to the United States.     

Nonparametric (smoothed) likelihood and integral equations

We show that there is an intimate connection between the theory of nonparametric (smoothed) maximum likelihood estimators for certain inverse problems and integral equations. This is illustrated by estimators for interval censoring and deconvolution problems. We also discuss the asymptotic efficiency of the MLE for smooth functionals in these models.     

Jump Regressions

We develop econometric tools for studying jump dependence of two processes from high‐frequency observations on a fixed time interval. In this context, only segments of data around a few outlying observations are informative for the inference. We derive an asymptotically valid test for stability of a linear jump relation over regions of the jump size domain. The test has power against general forms of nonlinearity in the jump dependence as well as temporal instabilities. We further propose an efficient estimator for the linear jump regression model that is formed by optimally weighting the detected jumps with weights based on the diffusive volatility around the jump times. We derive the asymptotic limit of the estimator, a semiparametric lower efficiency bound for the linear jump regression, and show that our estimator attains the latter. The analysis covers both deterministic and random jump arrivals. In an empirical application, we use the developed inference techniques to test the temporal stability of market jump betas.     

Development,Implementation, and Outcomes of Post-stroke Mood Assessment Pathways: Implications for Social Workers

Depression and anxiety are prevalent in the stroke population and can have a significant impact on the patient and their family’s long-term outcomes, however the screening for these conditions does not meet best practice recommendations. To address this deficit, this study developed “Post-Stroke Mood Assessment Pathways” and embedded them into practice by utilising the PARiHS framework (for the implementation of evidence-based practice), in conjunction with staff training. The study examined the rates of mood screening, clinical interviews, and completion of interventions for stroke patients through a retrospective chart audit (n?=?213) one year prior to, and one year post-implementation (n?=?238) of the pathways. The data show statistically significant increased documentation around mood screening and clinical interview 95% CI [4.86, 19.88], p?<?.0012 and specifically, an increase in the number of patients who had a clinical interview following the introduction of the pathways 95% CI [8.05, 19.69], p?<?.0001.     

挑战与应对：近代教会大学的教育改革

为了应对中国本土大学崛起所带来的挑战,20世纪20年代后,在华教会大学按照“巴敦调查团”“更加有效率”的方针进行了相应的教育改革。通过改革,教会大学的办学水平、教学质量得到了显著的提高,专业化程度得到进一步的加强,在一定程度上推动了中国高等教育现代化的发展。     

资本市场有效性假定理论述评

资本市场有效性假定是理性预期学派的一个重要组成部分 ,它是经典资本市场理论之基石 ,同时也是资本市场数理论证之分析前提。本文在对其内容介绍基础上 ,对其主要意义、争议及发展方向作出述评。     

机构投资者套利限制研究

机构投资者由于在资金、人才和管理等方面的比较优势,投资行为较少依赖噪音或市场情绪,使其部分抵消个人投资者的非理性行为。但机构投资者的投资偏好和成本等的制约,与客户代理关系所涉及的道德风险等,使得机构投资者的套利行为受到限制。利用对有效市场假说的反驳,在各种客观约束下对机构投资者的有限套利行为进行研究,从而验证机构投资者的套利行为受到限制。     

不同产出缺口界定与估算的新方法：一个结构性表述

文章采用结构方程方法,通过构建动态随机一般均衡模型对效率产出缺口、自然律产出缺口以及基于劳动力市场的GGL产出缺口进行了估算,并在此基础上比较了基于结构方程方法估算的产出缺口与基于单变量或单方程方法估算的产出缺口。研究发现,由于结构方程方法完整的反映出变量之间相互作用的机制,进而使得对于产出缺口的估算而言,结构方程方法可能优于单变量或单方程方法。     

Confidence Bounds and Hypothesis Tests for Normal Distribution Coefficients of Variation

For normally distributed populations, we obtain confidence bounds on a ratio of two coefficients of variation, provide a test for the equality of k coefficients of variation, and provide confidence bounds on a coefficient of variation shared by k populations.     

Semiparametric Efficient Distribution Free Estimation of Panel Models

This article generalizes results from Park et al. (1998 Park , B. U. , Sickles , R. C. , Simar , L. ( 1998 ). Stochastic frontiers: a semiparametric approach . J. Econometrics 84 : 273 – 301 .[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]) and Adams et al. (1999 Adams , R. M. , Berger , A. N. , Sickles , R. C. ( 1999 ). Semiparametric approaches to stochastic panel frontiers with applications in the banking industry . J. Bus. Econ. Statist. 17 : 349 – 358 .[Taylor & Francis Online] , [Google Scholar]) on semiparametric efficient estimation of panel models. The form of semiparametric efficient estimators depends on the statistical assumptions imposed. Normality assumptions on the transitory error are sometimes inappropriate. We relax the normality assumption used in the articles above to derive more general semiparametric efficient estimators. These estimators are illustrated in a Monte Carlo simulation and an analysis of banking productivity.