电子媒介如何影响社会行为——梅罗维茨传播理论述评

美国传播学者梅罗维茨是媒介分析领域的一个代表人物,他结合麦克卢汉的媒介技术决定论和戈夫曼的剧场理论,指出电子媒介是通过改变社会的情境从而影响了人们的行为方式,比如外在体现为男女性别的融合、成人与儿童的模糊以及政治人物的祛魅等方面.本文还针对其理论进行评析.     

Bayesian Inference in Dynamic Disequilibrium Models: An Application to the Polish Credit Market

We propose a Bayesian approach for inference in a dynamic disequilibrium model. To circumvent the difficulties raised by the Maddala and Nelson (1974) specification in the dynamic case, we analyze a dynamic extended version of the disequilibrium model of Ginsburgh et al. (1980). We develop a Gibbs sampler based on the simulation of the missing observations. The feasibility of the approach is illustrated by an empirical analysis of the Polish credit market, for which we conduct a specification search using the posterior deviance criterion of Spiegelhalter et al. (2002).     

In-Sample or Out-of-Sample Tests of Predictability: Which One Should We Use?

It is widely known that significant in-sample evidence of predictability does not guarantee significant out-of-sample predictability. This is often interpreted as an indication that in-sample evidence is likely to be spurious and should be discounted. In this paper, we question this interpretation. Our analysis shows that neither data mining nor dynamic misspecification of the model under the null nor unmodelled structural change under the null are plausible explanations of the observed tendency of in-sample tests to reject the no-predictability null more often than out-of-sample tests. We provide an alternative explanation based on the higher power of in-sample tests of predictability in many situations. We conclude that results of in-sample tests of predictability will typically be more credible than results of out-of-sample tests.     

Testing for Circular Reflective Symmetry about a Known Median Axis

Circular data arise in many contexts, a particularly rich source being animal orientation experiments. Often, in the analysis of such data, a fundamental question of scientific interest is whether the underlying distribution is reflectively symmetric about some specific axis. In this paper, the situation in which the axis of interest is known to be a median axis is considered and a simple, asymptotically distribution- free test for circular reflective symmetry against skew alternatives is developed. The results from a simulation study lead to a testing strategy incorporating the new test and the circular analogue of the modified runs test of Modarres & Gastwirth (1996). The application of the testing strategy is illustrated using circular data arising from two animal orientation experiments.     

Production efficiency in Indian agriculture: An assessment of the post green revolution years

In this paper we use the nonparametric method of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) to obtain Pareto-Koopmans measures of technical efficiency of individual states over the years 1970–71 through 2000–01 in a multi-output, multi-input model of agricultural production. We disaggregate overall efficiency into two distinct components representing output and input efficiencies and identify the contribution of individual outputs and inputs to the measured level of overall efficiency. Because introduction of modern inputs has been a major component of the process of modernization of Indian agriculture, we examine to what extent different states succeeded in utilizing the modern inputs compared to the traditional inputs. Variations in the DEA efficiency scores across states and over years is explained in terms of differences in various institutional and demographic factors in a second stage regression analysis.     

高职电子技术教学改革实践与体会

结合高职“电子技术”课程的教学 ,根据高职教学原则 ,运用EDA技术辅助手段 ,介绍了高职教学中提高学生职业技能的一些探索和具体措施     

浅析会计电算化和会计信息化

会计电算化和会计信息化是在计算机技术和网络技术广泛普及,现代信息技术不断创新的基础上发展并逐步成熟的,本文论述了会计电算化的含义、发展历程及局限性,会计信息化的含义及特点,并对会计电算化和会计信息化进行了比较,探析了会计信息化的几个重要特点和发展方向.指出了大力推进会计信息化的发展,已成为我国经济社会发展新阶段重要而紧迫的战略任务.在我国,会计信息化尚处于起步阶段,必须构建涵盖技术、管理、法律及人才等措施的保障体系,从而增强会计信息化的可实施性和可发展性.     

国内美籍华裔文学研究论文分析(1980-2005)

本文对《中国期刊全文数据库》和《报刊资料索引》中收录的1980—2005年国内美籍华裔文学研究论文从年代分布、期刊分布、作者分布和主题分布等方面进行了统计分析。文章从论文的数量、质量、形式、主题、研究队伍等方面讨论美籍华裔文学研究的发展态势,指出,美籍华裔文学研究从80年代起经历了一个较为缓慢的过程,到本世纪走向成熟。研究者队伍、论文的内容、层次呈多样化,但目前还存在诸多空白需要填补。     

Ticking Boxes and Changing the Social World: Data Collection and the New UK General Practice Contract

The new General Medical Services contract was introduced into general practice in the UK in 2004, and it links pay to performance far more than in the past. As a result, accurate data collection about patients and the care that they receive is now not only important for good patient care but also to prove that targets are being met. The use of electronic records and information technology has thus become much more sophisticated. This article reports the results from an ethnographic study of the early stages of the new contract in two general practices. As expected, electronic data collection had increased in importance in both practices, with consequences both for clinician–patient interactions and for the structures and processes in the practices, as uniform data collection instruments are put in place that privilege ‘hard’ biomedical data that can be easily coded above ‘softer’, more patient-centred information. Roles and responsibilities had been changed to reflect the needs of the new systems, and new software applications allowed increased surveillance of both doctors’ and nurses’ performance; both of these had an impact on patterns of authority in our study practices. Furthermore, the structural changes that were found acted to embed the new ways of working, ensuring their reproduction in the future. In spite of these effects, we found little opposition to or critical reflection on the changes, and the doctors in our study continued to view their improved computer systems as neutral recording devices. The implication of these findings is discussed.     

高校财务信息管理系统的软件分析

在现代社会 ,信息是企业单位的神经元。特别是随着社会主义市场经济体制的建立和会计电算化的发展 ,高等学校的财务管理工作也发生了较大的变化 ,传统的财务管理方法面临着一场深刻的革命 ,加强对会计信息的管理 ,已成为高等学校会计管理工作的重要任务