让历史启迪未来 用激情感染灵魂——解读大型史诗电视剧《辛亥革命》

辛亥百年之际,电视剧《辛亥革命》本着让历史启迪未来、用激情感染灵魂的主旨,运用大历史视阈与小历史节点相结合的史学取径及历史真实与艺术想象并重的文化范式,精确刻画和定位精英群体,大力歌颂和弘扬辛亥国魂,获得了巨大的成功,赢得了良好的社会反响。     

Structural holes and bridging in two-mode networks

Social networks are often structured in such a way that there are gaps, or “structural holes,” between regions. Some actors are in the position to bridge or span these gaps, giving rise to individual advantages relating to brokerage, gatekeeping, access to non-redundant contacts, and control over network flows. The most widely used measures of a given actor’s bridging potential gauge the extent to which that actor is directly connected to others who are otherwise not well connected to each other. Unfortunately, the measures that have been developed to identify structural holes cannot be adapted directly to two-mode networks, like individual-to-organization networks. In two-mode networks, direct contacts cannot be directly connected to each other by definition, making the calculation of redundancy, effective size, and constraint impossible with conventional one-mode methods. We therefore describe a new framework for the measurement of bridging in two-mode networks that hinges on the mathematical concept of the intersection of sets. An actor in a given node class (“ego”) has bridging potential to the extent that s/he is connected to actors in the opposite node class that have unique profiles of connections to actors in ego’s own node class. We review the relevant literature pertaining to structural holes in two-mode networks, and we compare our primary bridging measure (effective size) to measures of bridging that result when using one-mode projections of two-mode data. We demonstrate the results of applying our approach to empirical data on the organizational affiliations of elites in a large U.S. city.     

PARTY DEMOCRACY ON-LINE: UK PARTIES AND NEW ICTS

This paper examines the impact of new information and communications technologies (ICTs) on levels of intra-party democracy in the UK in light of recent claims of increasing centralization of power and marginalization of members within West European political parties. Specifically, it examines whether parties adoption of the internet, in the shape of an internal computer communication system (ICCS) and internal party groups' use of the World Wide Web (WWW), is promoting intra-party democracy in two areas: (1) the vertical distribution of power between members and elites; (2) the spatial concentration of power between intra-party groupings and central party elites. The findings show that while many parties have made use of the internet for internal communication there is no concerted effort being made by parties to harness its potential to promote members input into decision-making and elite accountability.     

构建我国基础教育阶段英才教育的实施方略——国际经验与本土思考

建成教育强国、建成世界重要人才中心和创新高地,需要国家在拔尖创新人才上、在人才的自主培养能力上发力,这是满足发展新质生产力、实现中国式现代化对人才需求的关键一招、破题之举。英才教育是拔尖创新人才早期培养的重要手段,其实施方略是培养的前提和基础。但由于人们对英才观念认识存在偏差,使英才教育发展陷入了一定困境。反观国际社会在英才教育政策和实践层面积累了丰富的先进经验。促进我国英才教育的改革与发展,需要学习国际先进的实施方略经验,要加强国家对英才教育的统筹规划,提供相应的支持与保障;科学开展英才儿童鉴别,构建我国英才儿童鉴别体系;开发专业课程体系,优化英才课程设置。     

文化场域下精英与民众的互动及和谐重构

在文化领域,虽然一直存在精英与民众的二元划分,但自古以来二者就有着密切的关联,主要表现为:文化载体的同源、人员构成的交织、思想观念的互通.近代以后,双方的互动沟通得以延续和发展,但由于没有处理好文化视野与政治情结、自我启蒙与启蒙他人、化大众与大众化、终极价值与世俗关怀的关系,从而未能在精英与民众的良性互动中完成文化的现代转型.我们应顺应和谐社会的大潮,以平等、开放、渐进为原则,塑造新型文化主体关系,促进中国特色社会主义文化事业的健康持续发展.     

National Identity between Tradition and Reflexive Modernisation: The Contradictions of Central Asia

Central Asia, one of the most understudied areas in the world, is currently going through the upheavals of modernisation and nation formation. Arguing against the one-dimensional modernist conclusion that this process was arrested during the Soviet period, the article sets out to explore the complex weave of historical continuity and discontinuity in the formation of national identity in the new states. It argues against the notion that national identity involves the necessary dissolution of traditional ties. Moreover, the article substantially qualifies the contemporary theoretical trend to treat continuing elements of tradition as merely dead images of the past, given life by instrumental elites. Instead of nationality being posited as a one-dimensional form of identity, the article sets up an approach that emphasises the contradictory layering of identity.     

"精英-民主"模型:中国政治模式的经验描述与理论重构

近年来,随着中国经济的快速发展,中国模式的研究也越发流行起来。然而,由于这一概念是对西方主要经验和主流理论的双重挑战,因此热闹的研究景象背后并没有多少深入的研究成果。本文发现,正如中国经济的成功离不开政府主导一样,中国模式的核心亦非经济模式,而是中国独特的政治模式。在经验描述和理论重构的多次互动中,中国政治模式最终可以被表述为精英—民主模型。精英是指在国家层面上,我国的权力稳定地归属于一个具有高度公共性和执政能力的自主排他的政治集团;民主指的是在基层社会中,村民/居民通过直接民主的途径共同管理公共事务。精英与民主辩证统一地构成了一种不同于西方的政治模式。     

从精英教育向普及教育转变:意义与模式的探究

目前,我国高等教育的毛入学率是13．2％,属于精英高等教育阶段。为了适应现代化建设的需要、满足广大人民群众接受高等教育的需求、减缓就业压力、扩大就业机会、促进科技发展、保持社会稳定,我国的高等教育应当以“三个代表”重要思想为指导,应实现由精英教育向普及教育转变。关于转变的模式,从我国的国情来看,以公立高等教育为主,以民办高等教育为辅。     

Elite formation under occupation: the internal stratification of palestinian elites in the West Bank and Gaza Strip

This paper examines the internal stratification of Palestinian elites in the West Bank and Gaza Strip under Israeli occupation. Our general aim is to clarify the extent to which social and political subordination to outside rule influences the development of indigenous elites in stateless societies. In contrast to nation-state societies, such elites may be horizontally stratified into a wider range of institutional settings, and vertically stratified by anti-occupation activism alongside the attainment of occupational prestige. In addition, context-specific determinants of their stratification patterns, such as refugee status, regionality, and country in which educational credentials were acquired, should be considered. A secondary content analysis of interviews conducted by the Palestinian Panorama centre with 249 elite members reveals, that the vertical stratification of Palestinian elites along occupational attainment and anti-occupation activism constitutes two quite independent status dimensions. A multinomial logit regression shows that, horizontally, elite groups are embedded in four distinct types of institutional activity, further demonstrating the multi-faceted formation of Palestinian elites. Contextual resources, such as refugee versus non-refugee status, regionality, and the acquiring of Western credentials, have differential effects on the vertical and horizontal stratification of Palestinian elites. The implications of these findings for further research on elite formation in the post-Oslo Palestinian society and in other stateless societies are discussed in conclusion.     

会计师：精英形象的失落与重塑——从律师制度看会计师的制度创新

会计人员与厂长、经理合谋违规执业是我国经济生活中的重大问题之一。导致这种现象的原因是多方面的 ,其中最为重要的是我国会计制度设定过程中的种种漏洞 ,因此如何堵住这些漏洞就成了我国会计制度创新过程中最为重要的课题。