Welfare programs and the state economy

Welfare policy has been controversial and support is often drawn along political affiliation lines, the economic return of investment in welfare programs is frequently cited as a justification for new and expanded policies. To investigate the direct and indirect effects of welfare programs on economic performance, the authors develop a multilink approach, through employment and investment. The relationship is then tested with data from each of the United States from 1976 to 2006. Findings show welfare programs have no direct effect on a state's economy. Indirectly, welfare has a negative effect through investment, though the effect on employment is minimal.     

女大学生就业难问题探析

对女大学生就业难问题展开了调查问卷,分析了造成就业难的客观和主观原因,并提出了一些建议,特别是政府应该高度重视这个问题,制定相应的政策保障女大学生实现就业。     

服装企业用工制度与离职率的相关性研究

本文以广东省、浙江省和山东省几家知名服装企业在线生产工人（简称＂普工＂）为研究对象,从招聘、薪酬制度合理性、福利待遇、劳动保障、工作本身、职业发展、培训等方面,分析了服装企业现有用工制度与普工离职率之间的关系,指出薪酬合理性、福利待遇、职业发展对普工离职率产生显著影响。并就完善企业用工制度,降低离职率提出了管理对策。     

浅议高职教育理论研究中需要划清的几条界线

本文简要地分析了当前高职理论研究中的几个界限问题,如高职教育与就业教育、高职教育与成人教育、高职教育与职工培训等。这些界线不划清楚,将会影响到学生及家长对高职教育的正确认知,进而影响高职教育的健康发展。     

浅析女大学生就业难

就业是民生之本,现阶段总体就业形势严峻。随着高校的大规模扩招,毕业生总体供大于求。大学生就业难仅仅是一般劳动就业问题,女大学生就业难除了劳动就业问题以外,还附带有劳动力市场上的性别歧视问题。本文首先对女大学生的现状进行分析,然后对女大学生就业难提出具体有针对性的对策,以便消除女大学生就业中的"性别歧视",实现男女大学生的平等就业,充分发挥女性人力资源的重要作用。     

Following Families: Working Lone‐Mother Families and their Children

Analysis of poverty dynamics based on large‐scale survey data shows that there is limited mobility across the income distribution for most individuals and families. This includes lone parents, who are one of the groups most likely to stay poor over time. This high income poverty risk is reduced for those lone parents who are in employment and who receive state financial support through tax credits to supplement their wages. But income security in work can be difficult to achieve. This article reports on longitudinal qualitative research which has involved repeat interviews with lone mothers and their children over a period of three to four years. The analysis explores the experiences of sustaining employment while living on a low, but complex, income and highlights the challenges faced in seeking financial security in this context.     

The Role of Non‐profit Organizations in the Mixed Economy of Welfare‐to‐Work in the UK and Australia

This article charts the development of welfare‐to‐work policies and compares and contrasts the traditions of delivery in the UK and Australia. We find that in the UK, employment services and social security benefit administration have been dominated by the central state, traditionally affording a key role to civil servants as direct delivery agents. However, in federal Australia, mixed economies of welfare‐to‐work operate in the different states, there is a far greater role for social services and non‐profit organizations are firmly established as key providers of frontline employment services. Since the late 1990s, UK welfare reforms have been gradually following the Australian lead in contracting non‐state actors as delivery agents. As this trend seems set to continue and intensify, we examine the Australian experience in order to reflect on the role of non‐profits in policy reform.     

实施就业优先战略的核心是提高就业质量

就业质量是在西方发达国家人均GDP越过4000美元的发展阶段率先提出来的。我国目前正好处在与此相同的历史时期,而就业质量不高已成为当前我国经济质量低下的主要表现之一,也是就业领域里最为突出的矛盾。构建科学合理的衡量就业质量的评价指标体系,是提高就业质量的重要前提。要尽快提高我国的就业质量,需要从转变发展方式、提高经济发展质量和构建和谐劳动关系的高度出发,多管齐下。     

我国高等教育亟待加强逻辑与批判性思维训练——以南京地区部分高校教学计划为例

在当前大学本科教学的课程设置中,逻辑学的开课覆盖面偏窄、覆盖率偏低,甚至空缺,缺乏对学生批判性思维的培养和训练。另一方面,却是社会需求日益增加,在升学和求职考试中,对逻辑知识、批判性思维能力的考查日益加重。各高校应该加强逻辑学课程教学,改变这种学与用、供和需脱节的现状,提高大学生逻辑思维能力。     

深度老龄化对我国劳动就业的潜在影响

对我国就业人口现状,2000-2010年城市、城镇、乡村人口就业速度,我国三大产业就业人口变化及人口年龄组劳动参与率变化的研究表明:若退休年龄不变,2030年我国潜在劳动力将比2010年减少14%;若男女退休年龄分别推迟5年,则2030年潜在劳动力仍将与2010年相当。然而,青年劳动力的比例下降快,农村尤其明显;2020年以后我国劳动力递减速度快,2040年我国60岁以上、65岁以上和80岁以上老年人口比例将超过28%、22%和4%。近20年我国经济发展很快,但面临老龄化的严重挑战,老龄化通过劳动力老化、社会保障、生产成本、商品出口、社会消费、货币汇率等途径,对经济持久地产生影响。