农村女性流动打工经历对其家庭经济地位的影响

本文利用调查数据,对是否外出打工及不同类型打工地的农村女性家庭经济地位差异进行对比,考查在资源因素与文化规范变迁的多重影响下,不同的打工经历对农村女性家庭经济地位的影响及其发展变化。     

农林院校毕业生就业心理障碍问题探析

随着大学生就业形势的日益严峻,农林院校大学生就业问题更是雪上加霜,农林院校毕业生由于就业问题的困扰,导致很多就业心理障碍的产生,已经影响到高校的安全和社会的稳定。首先阐述了农业院校毕业生就业心理障碍的典型表现,其次分析了导致这些心理障碍出现的诸如就业竞争激烈、家人期望太大、有效引导不足、缺乏自我调整等原因,最后提出了推进高校教学改革、加强就业形势教育、强化就业技能指导、培养学生创业意识、重视心理健康教育等措施以推进毕业生心理问题的消除。     

赤峰籍“90后”大学毕业生就业地选择调查研究

本文通过调查问卷及访谈的方式,获取了赤峰籍90年代出生的大学毕业生就业地选择的相关信息,通过对信息数据的整理和分析,分析得出影响其选择的因素。最终提出具有吸引力的地区就业、创业政策方面的建议,引导赤峰籍大学毕业生转变就业观念,合理择业和就业。     

家庭农场内涵的演变与政策思考刘启明

在2013年中央一号文件中"家庭农场"被作为新型农业经营主体提出来,引起了社会广泛的关注。文献分析发现,对家庭农场的关注可以分为三个时期,在不同社会经济背景下,各有侧重,其内涵也逐渐得到了完善。当前,我国农业需要承担起粮食安全、食品安全以及就业这三个功能,为此,在构建新型农业经营体系的过程中需要把握好家庭农场与其他经营主体的关系与定位。在政策导向上,发育家庭农场的关键是如何保障家庭经营层次的公平,以及能否出现一个职业农民群体。     

石油高校自动化专业学生创新能力培养

创新能力是现代大学生应该具备的优秀素质之一。石油院校要加强自动化专业学生创新能力培养,实现宽口径就业,推进创新型国家建设。本文从三方面阐述了培养学生创新能力的方法,首先要提高学生的质疑问难能力,以培养其自主的创新意识;其次要重视通过实践环节培养学生的动手能力、综合分析能力以及科学研究能力;最后,还要建设一只创新型的师资队伍,通过教师带动学生,从而培养创新能力。     

Leader-employee congruence of expected contributions in the employee-organization relationship

Employees' expected contributions can be incongruent with those of their leader. We examine the congruence effect of leaders' and employees' expected contributions on job satisfaction. Results of cross-level polynomial regressions on 947 employees and 224 leaders support the congruence effect. When expected contributions are congruent, employees are more satisfied with their job. Our findings suggest that employees enjoy high challenges, as long as these challenges are in harmony with the expected contributions of their leaders. Employees are less satisfied with their jobs both when their expected contributions were higher than their leaders' and when their expected contributions were lower than those of their leaders. Beyond the relevance of having high expected contributions, the findings highlight the crucial role played by the congruence of expected contributions of leaders and employees.     

Socio-demographic Differences in Self-reported Psychological Distress Among 25- to 64-Year-Old Finns

Background Mental health problems are a major public health issue worldwide. The aim of this study was to assess the relative importance of socio-demographic characteristics associated with different domains of psychological distress in Finland. Methods Data source was a nationwide survey “Health Behaviour and Health among the Finnish Adult Population” (AVTK), from years 2002 to 2003 (N = 5425; response rate 66%). Psychological distress was measured by self-reported questions of general mental health (MHI-5), depression, insomnia and stress. Socio-demographic factors included education, employment status, partnership and children living in the household. Main analyses were conducted by multivariate logistic regression. Results Education, employment and partnership were associated with most of the psychological distress outcomes. Respondents with a lower educational level had poor mental health in both genders but less insomnia and stress in men. Those with an intermediate education had the least stress in women. The unemployed and retired were at a higher risk for poor mental health and depression. Moreover, employment status was associated with insomnia and stress in men. Respondents not having a partner showed a higher risk of psychological distress according to all measures. Not having children living in the household was associated with insomnia in women and with less stress in men. Conclusions Socio-demographic factors, such as having a partner and employment status, are associated with several measures of psychological distress indicating the importance of social and economic factors to psychological well-being. The association of education and of having children living at home varies by the domain of psychological distress measure.     

我国区际劳动力流动对经济增长的影响—就业结构变动效应的视角

改革开放以来,大量劳动力由中西部地区的农业部门流向东部沿海发达地区的非农部门,同步实现劳动力的乡城迁移和产业转移,这既是我国市场经济发展、二元经济结构转换的必然结果,也是支撑我国国民经济增长的一个重要机制。研究结果表明。80年代中期以来,随着我国区际劳动力流动日益活跃,劳动力就业结构效应对国民经济总量增长的贡献率呈加强趋势。消除限制区际劳动力流动的各种障碍,进一步增强我国区域问劳动力流动性,是促进国民经济持续快速发展的应时之举。     

The potential of a couples approach to employment assistance: results of a nonexperimental evaluation

We present findings from a nonexperimental evaluation of an employment program in which both partners in young, low-income, primarily African-American couples simultaneously participated. Mothers participating in the couples program had larger immediate gains in employment and earnings and decreases in TANF receipt following their exit from the program relative to mothers who received employment assistance as individuals. Fathers showed similar although weaker results. These immediate benefits appeared to be driven by higher rates of program completion among couples’ participants. Couples in which both partners completed the program experienced the largest quarterly earnings gains, and couples with greater earnings’ gains were more likely to still be together one year after the program ended. Mothers’ earnings gains eroded in the two years following program completion and many reported new pregnancies and problems with child care. We suggest directions for future programs and encourage future studies to consider the range of mechanisms associated with a couples focus, including potential motivational benefits and unintended consequences.

个体性别意识与女大学生就业质量--基于五所高校的数据分析

本文以福建省五所高校大学生就业问题的调查数据为基础,分析了个体性别意识与女大学生就业质量的关系。研究发现,性别分工观念、性别自信及性别权利意识等因素对女大学生就业质量均有重要正向影响,但影响程度不同,性别平等意识对男女大学生就业质量的影响呈反向差别。