个体性别意识与女大学生就业质量--基于五所高校的数据分析

本文以福建省五所高校大学生就业问题的调查数据为基础,分析了个体性别意识与女大学生就业质量的关系。研究发现,性别分工观念、性别自信及性别权利意识等因素对女大学生就业质量均有重要正向影响,但影响程度不同,性别平等意识对男女大学生就业质量的影响呈反向差别。     

The potential of a couples approach to employment assistance: results of a nonexperimental evaluation

We present findings from a nonexperimental evaluation of an employment program in which both partners in young, low-income, primarily African-American couples simultaneously participated. Mothers participating in the couples program had larger immediate gains in employment and earnings and decreases in TANF receipt following their exit from the program relative to mothers who received employment assistance as individuals. Fathers showed similar although weaker results. These immediate benefits appeared to be driven by higher rates of program completion among couples’ participants. Couples in which both partners completed the program experienced the largest quarterly earnings gains, and couples with greater earnings’ gains were more likely to still be together one year after the program ended. Mothers’ earnings gains eroded in the two years following program completion and many reported new pregnancies and problems with child care. We suggest directions for future programs and encourage future studies to consider the range of mechanisms associated with a couples focus, including potential motivational benefits and unintended consequences.

外商直接投资对我国就业的影响

利用外商直接投资(FDI)是我国政府增加和扩大就业的政策措施之一。外商直接投资在为我国带来资金和技术的同时,也对我国就业产生不可忽视的影响。我国应该继续有效地调整外商投资方式和投资结构,将外资引向劳动密集型产业。同时应注意培养适应型技术人才,建立健全外商投资的各项法律法规,外商直接投资才能更好地发挥促进我国经济发展和吸纳劳动力的作用,以此减少我国就业压力,提高就业质量,促进国民经济持续、稳定、健康发展。     

农林院校毕业生就业心理障碍问题探析

随着大学生就业形势的日益严峻,农林院校大学生就业问题更是雪上加霜,农林院校毕业生由于就业问题的困扰,导致很多就业心理障碍的产生,已经影响到高校的安全和社会的稳定。首先阐述了农业院校毕业生就业心理障碍的典型表现,其次分析了导致这些心理障碍出现的诸如就业竞争激烈、家人期望太大、有效引导不足、缺乏自我调整等原因,最后提出了推进高校教学改革、加强就业形势教育、强化就业技能指导、培养学生创业意识、重视心理健康教育等措施以推进毕业生心理问题的消除。     

Social Vulnerability to Toxic Risk

SUMMARY

A model of social vulnerability to toxic risk from fugitive chemical releases is tested in 8 southeastern U.S. states. Using structural equation modeling techniques, population density emerged as the critical factor driving exposure to toxic risk. Results indicate that: social vulnerability varies across types and sources of toxic risk; social factors, such as race, that increase risk in some circumstances may buffer risk in others; and that toxic risk has both social justice and social welfare components. Practice and research implications include the importance of community planning and economic models that enhance environmental quality and health along with economic security.     

The elasticity of labor demand and the minimum wage

We show that, contrary to widespread belief, low-pay workers do not generally prefer that the minimum wage rate be increased until the labor demand is unitary elastic. Rather, there exists a critical value of elasticity of labor demand so that increases in the minimum wage rate make low-pay workers better off for higher elasticities, but worse off for lower elasticities. This critical value decreases with unemployment benefits and increases with workers’ risk aversion. We also show that in some countries the benefits for long-term unemployed are so low that workers would probably prefer that the minimum wage rate be decreased. I thank the anonymous referees for helpful suggestions.     

Statistics in Latin America

Statistics is a relatively new discipline in Latin America. At present only sparse information is available about the state of the statistical profession in Latin America. We present and summarize the available information about the job market; training, education, and research; professional societies and their activities; and so forth. We also share our hopes, concerns, and suggestions for the future.     

"单位制"变革与女性就业保障

在传统的单位体制下,女性就业曾经拥有单位制度的坚实保障,她们和男性拥有近乎相同的就业机会.随着单位体制的变革,国有和集体企业逐渐由"管理型"单位过渡到"利益型"单位.单位组织为了追求自身的利益,往往在接受就业人员时把女性排除在外,或者为女性就业设置障碍.为了促进男女公平就业,在单位制变革中继续保留原有的合理成分,应当变"单位保障"为"社会保障";建立女性就业的社会化补偿机制;开展社区就业,促进家务劳动社会化;加强教育,提高素质,促进女性自我意识进一步觉醒.     

社会工作毕业生就业状况调查报告—以N学院社工系毕业生为例

为了解社会工作专业毕业生的就业情况，课题小组设计了一份有关社会工作就业状况的调查问卷，并对已就业的四位社工专业的学生进行了个案访谈。对问卷的分析及个案的访谈将有助我们更好地了解社会工作专业的教育状况和学生的就业状况，这有助于改善社会工作专业的教学，更好地促进专业成长。     

当前西部大学生就业的困境与对策

文章在调查研究的基础上，针对新时期的要求和特点，分析了西部大学生资源及大学毕业生就业状况，进而深入分析了影响大学生在西部就业的困境，提出了国家应加大西部大学生就业政策力度；学校要以市场需求设置专业；校企结合各取所需；同时大学生要在加强技能、改变就业观念和增加诚心上努力，多方努力才能更好的解决西部大学生就业问题。