What You Know or Who You Know? Occupation-specific work experience and job matching through social networks

While work experience is generally seen as an indicator of human capital, it may also reflect the accumulation of social capital. This study examines how work experience facilitates informal access to employment—that is, being matched with a new employer through an informal search or informal recruitment through the non-search process (without engaging in a job search). Results from fixed effects regression on panel data from the NLSY show that experience is related to informal entry into new jobs, though in a very specific way. The odds of being informally recruited into a new job improve as work experience in related occupations rises, but this relationship holds only among men. These findings highlight the social benefits of occupation-specific work experience that accrue to men but not to women, suggesting an alternative explanation for the gender disparity in wage returns to experience.     

《劳动合同法》对企业成本影响的测算方法与实证研究——金融危机下的应急措施

<劳动合同法>实施以来,在国内学术界和实业界引起了轩然大波.2008年以来,一些企业的倒闭、搬迁,更将这部立意颇好的法律推到了风口浪尖.针对实施<劳动合同法>对企业成本影响的问题,采用分层目录抽样方法,抽取了珠三角、粤东、粤西、粤北地区13个具有代表性的城市,不同类型、不同行业共650户企业进行调研,运用成本测算直接法和间接法,对广东调研企业成本进行统计测算.测算结果显示,广东实施<劳动合同法>对企业人均人工成本的影响区间为2.54%～4.90%,用调研事实澄清了社会上流传的10%～70%的谬误.还从政府、企业和员工角度分别提出在实施<劳动合同法>过程中应对金融危机的对策,为各级政府和企业决策提供依据.     

劳动力就业城市选择对城市工资溢价的影响

中国逐步从定居社会转变为流迁社会,劳动力大范围流动体现在就业城市的自主选择上,该行为对城市工资溢价产生持续影响,同时城市工资溢价又影响劳动力的就业城市选择。利用2017年中国流动人口动态监测调查数据,构建包含个体选择的处置效应模型,实证分析发现,中国存在城市工资溢价现象,劳动力的异质性特征和城市差异性特征显著影响就业城市选择行为;纠正劳动力城市选择的内生二元选择偏差后,发现中国特大城市和超大城市的工资溢价变大,而大城市的工资溢价消失,中小城市工资比大城市更有竞争力。中国城市体系中的首尾优势是劳动力理性选择就业城市的结果,这为中国实施差异化的城市发展政策来实现城市体系的整体优化和内部协调提供了新思路。     

往复式流动还是永久性回流：农村女性就业流动性差异及决定因素研究

通过在湖北省调查的2883个农村女性劳动力样本,首先描述分析了选择往复式流动和永久性回流的农村女性的人口学特征差异,然后利用Logistic方法实证分析了人力资本变量、社会资本变量和家庭禀赋变量对农村女性做出往复式流动和永久性回流决策的影响。研究发现,往复式流动决策的做出主要受女性自身人力资本变量的影响,而永久性回流决策受三类变量的共同影响。女性年龄对于往复式流动有正向作用,对永久性回流起反向作用,受教育年限对往复式流动起反向作用。对永久性回流的作用则相反。     

职业院校大学生就业工作探析

本文指出高职院校应以市场为导向,合理调整教育模式,实施精细化、全程化的就业指导和服务工作,帮助学生转变就业观念,从而促进大学生就业。     

职业学校英语教育浅谈

职业学校英语教育应注重听说训练,突出就业特色;加强合作学习,培养竞争意识。     

国际金融危机就业效应的投入产出分析

 本文分别利用2007年非竞争型投入占用产出模型和引入非线性因子的局部非线性投入产出模型,从受国际金融危机影响最为直接的出口、投资角度出发,测算了国际金融危机对我国就业的影响。测算结果显示：在最近一年金融危机对我国就业影响是逐步加剧的;重点行业影响较为集中;由于我国宏观调控政策的及时准确,刺激经济计划的有效实施在很大程度上抵消了金融危机的影响;同时,非线性就业弹性能够更准确的反应行业产值和就业人数之间的非线性关系,将其引入投入产出经典模型能使模型更好地反映真实经济情况。     

When Social Partners Unite – Explaining Continuity and Change in Austrian and Dutch Labour Market Governance

Why do Austria and the Netherlands, two highly corporatist, coordinated, consensual countries diverge with respect to the involvement of social partners in their Public Employment Service? By comparing and contrasting the competing predictions of the power‐resource, employer‐centred and social partnership approaches, we identify a key omitted variable that can explain the observed variations: the ability of the social partners to unite on reform positions. We demonstrate that when the social partners are divided, their collective power is reduced and partisan‐based policy outcomes become more pronounced. In turn, when the social partners jointly favour a particular outcome, their collective power increases and they can override governmental reform plans, even if the government holds a large legislative majority. These findings highlight the causal importance of power relations between and within the social partners for institutional continuity and change.     

我国正规就业者的教育收益率

针对教育收益率测算中可能存在的弱工具变量问题,本文利用2006年中国健康与营养调查数据,结合工具变量估计框架下的各种模型设定检验,对我国正规就业者的教育收益率进行测算。检验和测算结果表明：受教育程度的变量存在内生性,个体配偶的受教育年限是内生变量受教育程度的强工具变量,而个体的出生季度是弱工具变量。广义矩估计结果显示我国正规就业者的教育收益率为10.1%。     

Welfare programs and the state economy

Welfare policy has been controversial and support is often drawn along political affiliation lines, the economic return of investment in welfare programs is frequently cited as a justification for new and expanded policies. To investigate the direct and indirect effects of welfare programs on economic performance, the authors develop a multilink approach, through employment and investment. The relationship is then tested with data from each of the United States from 1976 to 2006. Findings show welfare programs have no direct effect on a state's economy. Indirectly, welfare has a negative effect through investment, though the effect on employment is minimal.