企业资产减值准备之思考

在讨论资产减值会计的理论依据、制度规定及重要意义 ,分析计提资产减值准备对企业损益的影响以及企业的操纵行为和企业资产减值准备现状与问题的基础上 ,提出完善内部会计控制制度 ,会计人员要树立良好的职业道德 ,制定和施行计提计量统一标准 ,制定资产计提减值准备后的使用及处置的会计处理方法等意见     

议《企业会计制度》之改革创新

《企业会计制度》相对于以往行业会计制度有很多改革创新之处 ,主要表现在 :进一步与国际惯例接轨 ;统一了过去不同所有制、不同行业、不同组织方式和经营方式的多种《企业会计制度》;限制公允价值的引入 ,避免公允价值计价给企业转移利润、操纵利润创造条件 ;在资产期末计价、计提减值准备、融资租赁固定资产入帐价值确定中引入现值概念 ;广泛计提资产减值准备 ,在资产项目中除货币资金外均规定了减值准备的计提 ,全面贯彻谨慎性稳健原则 ;引入实质重于形式原则 ,使收入、资产定义 ,借款费用、租赁业务核算更加科学、合理 ;严格区分利得与收入 ,尽量避免对利得的确认 ,减少企业操纵利润的空间。     

银行监管、风险承担与公司价值

商业银行具有脆弱性和负外部性等特征,再考虑到信息不对称和众多中小债权人存在,政府便伸出援助之手对银行进行广泛监管,以免银行出现过度风险承担行为从而危及整个经济体运转。银行监管旨在限制银行机构风险、维持银行体系安全,但同时亦应有助于提升银行公司价值、提高金融和经济效率。本文着重分析了主要监管措施对银行风险承担和公司价值的影响,试图总结出各项监管措施的有效性。通过多国截面数据的实证模型我们发现,信息披露是激励相容的,资本充足要求和银行安全网有利于降低风险承担却不利于公司价值,而市场准入正好相反,监管权力、业务限制对两者均有反面影响。     

农村独生子女家庭的医疗保障问题思考

农村独生子女家庭,由于传统的家庭风险分担机制对他们无法发挥作用,而面临着三代人的医疗风险,成为高医疗风险家庭.但当前我国农村正在构筑新的社会医疗保障制度,并没有对农村独生子女家庭给予有效关注.国家应以农村医疗保障制度为基础,在有条件地区应鼓励并资助农村独生子女家庭参加商业医疗保险计划,并通过尽快建立健全农村社会保障制度,打破城乡二元经济结构,实现城乡协调发展,从根本上解决农村独生子女家庭的医疗问题.     

资本外逃的成因:文献评述及政策含义

国外理论界对于资本外逃成因诠释的文献,主要有资产组合理论、人力资本理论、政党轮流执政理论、公共地悲剧理论和政治风险理论,这些理论从不同角度诠释了资本外逃产生的原因及其内在机制,从一个侧面体现了经济学研究的方法论,从早期的文字阐述到模型的构建,从早期的假说、推测到近期的计量分析验证的演进轨迹。     

论企业信用风险的管理与控制

随着我国市场经济的进一步发展,以赊销为代表的信用销售发展也很快。如何加强应收账款管理,防范信用风险,避免坏账损失,成为众多企业面临的一个重大问题。作者对此问题进行了分析,阐述了当前企业信用风险的现状与成因,并结合我国国情和企业实际,探讨了在新形势下有关信用风险的管理与控制问题。     

基于尾部指数回归方法的CVaR估计以及实证研究

 在险价值VaR是一种非常重要的金融风险度量方法,近期也有很多关于动态VaR以及条件VaR (CVaR) 等方面的研究。根据金融资产的收益率具有重尾特征这一事实,本文假定金融资产收益率服从重尾分布,并假定重尾分布的尾部指数随着收益率发生变化。本文基于尾部指数回归模型对重尾分布的尾部指数进行估计,进而得到收益率尾部数据所服从的条件分布,并首次运用该方法对条件VaR进行估计。本文对沪深300指数进行了实证研究,得到CVaR的估计,并对估计得到的CVaR的预测效果作出检验,并与传统VaR估计方法进行了对比,实证结果发现本文的方法的预测效果更好。     

风险，创新激励政策中被忽视的关键要素

创新是经济持续增长的核心动力,鼓励创新是各国国家创新战略的关键.现行的创新相关政策忽视了如何从风险管理的角度,系统地控制和分散从事创新活动的参与者所面临的风险.本文试图从这个被人忽视的视角,探讨如何鼓励人们进行自主创新的逻辑框架;并对相关理论研究假设进行了实证检验,以期为政府决策者提供新思路.     

Communicating future water needs to an at-risk population: lessons learned following defeat of the Applewhite Dam and Reservoir Project in San Antonio,Texas

San Antonio, Texas, the seventh largest city in the United States, has experienced steady population growth, since the “boom” of the 1960s. Projected water shortages due to this growth were realized as early as the 1970s by city leaders and south-central Texas regional development decision makers. To reduce dependence on the already over-taxed, Edwards aquifer, a solution, the Applewhite Dam and Reservoir Project, was developed with wide acceptance by federal, state, and city leaders who regarded the project as a necessary measure for regional growth and development. However, opposition by taxpayer and environmental groups led to referendums of 1991 and 1994 in which voters blocked construction of the dam and reservoir leaving the city with limited options for water provision. This case study investigated the factors which led to a clear mismatch in communication between decision makers—those who were aware of the actual and quantifiable risk to the region in terms of reduced water supplies—and the general public, a population that did not have complete and/or adequate knowledge of their actual risk regarding future water shortages, nor, of solutions being developed, such as the Applewhite project. The findings from this case study indicate that when municipal leadership fails to adequately communicate risk regarding resource shortage to an affected public, as well as, openly planned solutions, that voters are likely to underestimate future impacts of water shortages, heed last-minute opposition, and reject long-standing, publicly proposed projects. The intent of this research is not to support either side in the Applewhite controversy, but to shed perspective on the process of adequately and effectively communicating future water needs to an at-risk population. Decision makers in cities across the United States who are faced with solving problems of limited resources needed by a large populace may be informed by the results of this research.     

A Model of Quality of College Life (QCL) of Students in Korea

This study develops and tests a model of quality of college life (QCL) of students in Korea. In this study, QCL of students is conceptualized in terms of needs satisfaction and affect balance. It has been hypothesized that satisfaction with education services, administrative services, and facilities have a significant impact on QCL, which in turn positively influences identification, positive word of mouth, and overall quality of life. The results of a survey on 228 Korean college students largely support the model. Managerial and policy implications are discussed.