构建我省环境法律体系，保障环境立省战略实施

环境立省的前提是以优良的环境为基础，而优良环境的创造需要相应的法律保障。审视我省现有环境法规、规章，还难于适应我省环境立省发展战略需要，因而，重新梳理、修订相关法规、规章，以构建严密、协调的环境法律体系即成为我省实施环境立省战略的重要任务。     

日本《低碳投资促进法》述评

日本参议院于5月18日通过了《低碳投资促进法》,该法是日本建设低碳社会的最新立法,规定了对从事适合能源环境的制品开发与制造的特定事业者提供筹资支持,需求开拓支援法人承保租赁合同等措施,对我国的相关立法有一定的借鉴意义。     

因土成俗：明清江南地区的自然地理环境与葬俗

江南地区水浅土薄的自然地理环境,给人们的营葬提出挑战。为了避免水泉之湿、虫蚁之患,人们从选择葬地、浅土葬埋、灰隔葬法以及葬后培土等方面着手应对,实践证明,综合运用这些葬法,可以在一定程度上避免自然环境带来的不利因素,达到固护棺骸的目的。反映了区域丧葬习俗与自然地理环境之间的重要关系。     

环境理论的历史嬗变

环境管理是当今世界各国政府的一项重要职能。围绕着政府如何管理环境,世界上流行着各种各样的环境理论,为各国政府制定环境政策提供了重要的理论依据。环境理论的历史嬗变,不仅反映了人类环保思想的发展变化,而且折射出各国环境政策的演变及发展趋势。梳理环境理论的演变轨迹,可以对我们今天科学制定环境政策提供有益的启示。     

山区贫困人口与资源与环境的关系——武义县下山脱贫实践的个案剖析

近年来,随着我国经济的快速增长,社会各界日益关注山区贫困人口的生存状况,扶贫工作正在向纵深发展。本文针对山区贫困人口的贫困根源和扶贫方式,采取理论分析和实证分析相结合的方法,通过对浙江省武义县大规模的下山脱贫实践的剖析,认为山区人口贫困的导因在于当地资源和环境的制约,而当地人口与资源及环境关系的相互恶化,则是人口贫困的最终原因,因而下山脱贫是正确处理人和资源及环境关系的最佳路径。     

《人类学是什么》--从人看人到看文明

王铭铭先生的《人类学是什么》一书中讲述了人类学主要研究的两大方面即:人类的体质特征和文化创造,而认定文化人类学是人类学的核心。本文将从针对书中的一些观点,及我个人的角度入手进行分析,继而阐述一些对"人类学是什么"这一问题的见解和思索。     

我国居民的消费行为与长期经济增长

消费是社会再生产的重要环节, 消费需求的增长是拉动长期经济增长的主要动力。近年来, 受到制度环境变化的影响, 我国居民的风险意识大大增强, 从而导致消费萎缩和储蓄急剧增加, 这严重影响到我国经济的长期增长。为此, 在推进企业转制的同时, 必须加紧建立能够促进就业与收入持续增长的社会稳定机制, 为长期经济增长提供强劲持久的动力     

关于环境会计基本假设的探讨

环境基本会计假设是对环境会计核算中无法确定的事项所作的合理推断,是建立环境会计理论与方法的基础。对于环境会计的基本假设,会计理论界有多种看法。本文认为,环境会计作为会计学的一个分支,其基本假设应以传统会计为基础,同时又要有所创新。本文将环境会计的基本假设归纳为6个方面,并论述了环境会计基本假设的基本内容以及与传统会计基本假设的异同。     

Manufacturing management strategies for environmental protection: Toward the environmental upgrading of management and manufacturing systems to cope with environmental laws

Recent environmental problems have been caused by business activities and a lifestyle based on mass production, mass consumption and mass disposal. These problems have also become global in scale. Increasingly, global efforts are being applied to preserve and improve the environment. NEC, a worldwide electronics manufacturer, created its own environment action plan called Eco-Action 21. This is a continuously evolving plan applied throughout the NEC group and subsidiaries. Globally, 34 NEC manufacturing sites have received ISO 14001 certification. NEC Tohoku in Japan and NEC Ireland obtained BS 7750 certification even before this. NEC improves subcontractors' environmental behaviour with our accumulated expertize and technology derived from our ISO experience and our own development. Input for this paper was not only from NEC Tohoku and the NEC group, but also from outside NEC.     

Who Lives Near Coke Plants and Oil Refineries? An Exploration of the Environmental Inequity Hypothesis

Facility-specific information on pollution was obtained for 36 coke plants and 46 oil refineries in the United States and matched with information on populations surrounding these 82 facilities. These data were analyzed to determine whether environmental inequities were present, whether they were more economic or racial in nature, and whether the racial composition of nearby communities has changed significantly since plants began operations.The Census tracts near coke plants have a disproportionate share of poor and nonwhite residents. Multivariate analyses suggest that existing inequities are primarily economic in nature. The findings for oil refineries are not strongly supportive of the environmental inequity hypothesis. Rank ordering of facilities by race, poverty, and pollution produces limited (although not consistent) evidence that the more risky facilities tend to be operating in communities with above-median proportions of nonwhite residents (near coke plants) and Hispanic residents (near oil refineries). Over time, the racial makeup of many communities near facilities has changed significantly, particularly in the case of coke plants sited in the early 1900s. Further risk-oriented studies of multiple manufacturing facilities in various industrial sectors of the economy are recommended.The authors are all affiliated with the Harvard Center for Risk Analysis