论我国会计国际化的选择模式

在对中国会计国际化的现状和趋势做出评析的基础上,通过在会计环境、会计规范体系、会计目标、财务报告等方面对我国及美国、加拿大、英国、德国、法国等国家的会计模式进行比较,提出了我国的会计国际化在技术层面上应加快国际化的进程,而在规范体系尤其是法律规范方面要加强我国的国家特色。当前我国会计国际化速度正在加快,在会计国际化过程中,可在国际会计准则的基础上,吸收各国行之有效的会计惯例和做法,如加拿大及欧洲诸国对环境会计报告的要求和做法;在会计教育方面,应大量借鉴英语国家会计教育的有益经验。但我国政府主导型的准则制定模式应予以坚持。     

An Information Theoretic Framework for Exploratory Multivariate Market Segmentation Research*

State-of-the-art market segmentation often involves simultaneous consideration of multiple and overlapping variables. These variables are studied to assess their relationships, select a subset of variables which best represent the subgroups (segments) within a market, and determine the likelihood of membership of a given individual in a particular segment. Such information, obtained in the exploratory phase of a multivariate market segmentation study, leads to the construction of more parsimonious models. These models have less stringent data requirements while facilitating substantive evaluation to aid marketing managers in formulating more effective targeting and positioning strategies within different market segments. This paper utilizes the information-theoretic (IT) approach to address several issues in multivariate market segmentation studies. A marketing data set analyzed previously is employed to examine the suitability and usefulness of the proposed approach [12]. Some useful extensions of the IT framework and its applications are also discussed.     

Integrating the Content and Process of Strategic MIS Planning with Competitive Strategy*

This paper presents a framework that links strategic MIS planning and business strategy and relates it to competitive advantage and company performance. To achieve this objective, the paper first delineates the dimensions of strategic MIS planning, focusing on both content and process issues. The notion of fit within dimensions, between sets of dimensions (process and content), and between MIS planning and competitive strategy is also introduced. Next, employing the Miles-Snow typology of business strategy, the paper posits normative differences in the dimensions of strategic MIS planning along different business (or competitive) strategies. The implications of our study for both decision makers and scholars are discussed. Propositions that tie competitive strategy, strategic MIS planning, and company financial performance are then presented. The paper concludes by providing direction for future research.     

传播修辞学研究--修辞信息的传播

文章探讨了修辞信息的含义和修辞信息的传播工具,揭示了修辞信息传播的“表达←→传播←→接受”三极多向互动的客观规律及其传播过程中“接受兼表达”的等值、减值、增值和改值传播的特点。     

INFORMATION CHANNEL DISPOSITION AND USE*

The use of information channels by individuals in organizations is substantially discretionary. Although much studied, variation in patterns of discretionary use has yet to be explained adequately in terms of an accepted integrative theory validated across varieties of channel types and organizational settings. In a step toward the development of such a theory, the present paper proposes a basic channel-disposition model that relates an individual's attitude or disposition toward a channel to his/her actual use of the channel in the context of information and channel supply-and-demand structures in the organization. An exploratory study of the dispositions of 186 users of ten management information system (MIS) reports in four organizational settings provides limited evidence in support of the model proposed.     

THE TAX LITIGATION DECISION: AN ANALYSIS OF THE SMALL CLAIMS DIVISION OF THE U.S. TAX COURT*

One of the more difficult but intriguing problems in the tax field is the decision of when (and how) to settle tax disputes with the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) and when (and how) to litigate. Research in this area of decision making is limited and has concentrated on the probability of winning in the judicial system. This paper examines the tax litigation decision for suits in the Small Claims Division of the U.S. Tax Court. Four examples are presented which involve varying degrees of information regarding the likelihood of a settlement and differing risk attitudes. The maximum amount the taxpayer should be willing to spend in pursuing litigation is derived for each case.     

STRUCTURED OBSERVATION OF THE DECISION-MAKING ENVIRONMENT: A RELIABILITY AND VALIDITY ASSESSMENT

Information analysts gather and interpret information regarding organizational decision making. One source of information is the physical environment of the decision maker. A system for structured observation of the environment (STROBE) was developed and was used to gather information on administrators and medical directors of regional blood service organizations in the United States and Canada. Our results suggest that the reliability of STROBE is high and validity is acceptable, suggesting that STROBE may be useful in gathering data usually obtained through interviewing or observing behavior of decision makers.     

COMPUTER GRAPHICS AS DECISION AIDS: DIRECTIONS FOR RESEARCH*

Computer-generated graphics are becoming increasingly available to decision makers. Despite claims on the part of vendors that the use of graphics will improve decision speed and quality over traditional methods of data display, the available evidence is far from supportive. Initial studies show graphics to be no more effective in communicating information than tables. Correct interpretation of graphical displays appears to require training, which most users lack. Furthermore, there is evidence that those features that make a graph visually attractive—such as color, design complexity, and realism—may actually detract from accurate comprehension. This paper summarizes the literature dealing with the human use of graphics, develops several propositions based on persistent trends in the literature, and suggests directions for future research.     

对受托责任本质论和契约本质论的选择

受托责任反映的是一种产权关系,它存在的条件是明确的托付和受托关系,从本质上来讲它是一种契约关系。目前大多数学者都支持受托责任论,但是随着现代企业制度的建立和资本市场的发展,委托人数量的增加,委托代理关系变得模糊、不清晰,受托责任观就失去了存在的前提条件。契约本质论认为会计是作为企业契约推行机制的必要组成部分而存在的,它的基本内涵在于强调一个人在追求和保护自身产权权益的合理性、合法性的同时,应该考虑产权的行使对他人权益的尊重和保护。