秸秆焚烧与农村环境危机:基于“代谢断裂”理论的思考

近年来,面对越来越严重的空气污染,“秸秆禁烧冶逐渐成为社会生活中的关键词。 然而,秸秆焚烧屡禁不止。 以“代谢断裂冶理论为分析框架,秸秆焚烧既有它的社会原因,又有它的环境后果。 一方面,农业的工业化、农民日常生活的商品化、城市化与农村劳动力人口外流等原因导致了秸秆的废弃与焚烧。 另一方面,秸秆焚烧导致空气污染,加剧了城市居民对于雾霾的恐惧,这种环境事实和认知方式转变为塑造城乡社会格局的重要力量。 从此,“代谢断裂冶理论得以扩展:秸秆焚烧导致的空气污染超越了该理论传统上对于土壤肥力问题的关注,使得农村环境危机系统的表现为水、土、气的污染;农村资本化的生产和生活方式在导致环境后果的同时,又以该环境后果为媒介,重塑农村内部及城乡之间的社会关系,形成自然与社会之间的双向互动。     

新时代习近平生态文明思想引领经济现代化

全国生态环境保护大会确立了习近平生态文明思想,它深刻揭示了经济发展和环境保护的辩证统一关系,是新时代中国经济现代化的导航仪、红绿灯。习近平生态文明思想强调"绿色发展是构建高质量现代化经济体系的必然要求",助推高质量发展;坚持"以绿色发展引领乡村振兴",实现农业农村现代化;坚持"以人为本",满足人民群众日益增长的优美生态环境需要。习近平生态文明思想指出"中国是负责任的发展中大国",为世界工业文明转向生态文明贡献中国智慧。     

中国上市公司雇员股票期权价值核算：2006-2018年

根据SNA2008建议将雇员股票期权作为雇员报酬处理,2017年发布的《中国国民经济核算体系（2016）》中也正式将雇员股票期权纳入国民经济核算范围,但至今尚未发布具体数据。基于此,本文以Cvitani等（2008）提出的融入了雇员股票期权主要特征的雇员股票期权定价模型为基础,结合我国股票期权附带业绩条件的分期执行模式,以沪深两市A股上市公司的数据为例,科学核算了2006-2018年我国各年份以及各行业的雇员股票期权价值。结果显示,从全国层面看,我国雇员股票期权价值总体上呈现快速增长趋势,年均增速为41.48%;从行业层面看,雇员股票期权价值集中特征明显,制造业,信息传输、软件和信息技术服务业和房地产业的雇员股票期权价值合计占全部行业的比重超过80%。结合实际核算过程中遇到的难点,本文提出了我国开展雇员股票期权核算需完善会计制度与统计制度的相关建议。     

Public expectations of crisis outcomes in the social media era in China: A communication-mediated psychological mechanism

This study theoretically and empirically identifies a new typology of Chinese publics’ normative expectations of crisis outcomes. It classifies the concept into three culturally relevant dimensions—public expectations of (a) organizational accommodative responses (i.e., how an in-crisis organization should respond), (b) punishment of the organization (i.e., how publics collectively should respond), and (c) government intervention (i.e., how government should respond) for desirable crisis outcomes. Using an online survey of the Beijing public, this study investigates the degree to which information seeking and online expression mediate relationships between crisis blame and the three types of expectations. The study finds that as the level of crisis blame increases, active information seekers expect more regarding organizational accommodation and government intervention, whereas active expressers expect stronger punishments of the organization and less government intervention in China.     

利益、信息与偏好:美军与安巴尔部落镇压叛乱的代理人战争

2006年至2008年,美军与伊拉克安巴尔部落在打击“伊拉克伊斯兰国”的过程中发展出代理关系。本文尝试从利益、信息与偏好三个维度来观察和理解美军与当地部落之间复杂的互动关系。在美军与当地部落的互动过程中,双方之间的利益匹配脆弱,在未受到“伊拉克伊斯兰国”威胁和美军持续激励的情况下,当地部落几乎不会遵从美军的偏好行事,这一潜在分歧在“伊拉克伊斯兰国”被严重削弱后逐渐凸显;当地部落拥有非对称信息优势,致使美军对部落的自主行为缺乏有效监督;安巴尔部落之间存在的偏好异质问题,阻碍了它们设置代理议程并采取集体行动。总体上看,双方的合作仍采用应急反应策略,尚未形成以长远利益为基础的稳固代理关系。     

校园数字化平台上的E-HRM系统设计研究

基于校园数字化平台建设的E-HRM系统,集成了互联网和校园网的优势,为高校人力资源管理HRM搭建了一个标准化、规范化、网络化的新型工作平台,具有高校人力资源战略管理的新型管理技术.但是,校园数字化平台的E-HRM系统设计,还应遵从一定的设计原则和设计要求,满足一定的整体结构,才能在管理中更好地实现.     

论信息化社会道德主体的建设

本文比较详细地论述了信息化时代社会主义道德主体建设的方法、途径及原则,并从作者所从事的学生思想教育工作角度提出了自己的观点和思考.这为更好地贯彻落实中共中央印发的<公民道德建设纲要>精神,促进社会主义精神文明建设有着十分重要的理论和实践意义.     

设计过程中的工程数据库

本文从创造性设计过程的诸多方面叙述了建立工程数据库的重要性，指出了由于工程数据格式的不同，给数据通信带来的困难及解决办法。     

Imagined communities, contested watersheds: Challenges to integrated water resources management in agricultural areas

Integrated water resources management is one of the major bottom-up alternatives that emerged during the 1980s in North America as part of the trend towards more holistic and participatory styles of environmental governance. It aims to protect surface and groundwater resources by focusing on the integrated and collaborative management of land and water resources and interests on a watershed basis. In this paper, we draw on the policy network perspective on governance to shed light on the strengths and weaknesses of watershed-based processes of collaboration and integration for water quality protection in agricultural areas. The policy network perspective focuses on the interaction of actors, institutions and ideas within and among policy sectors to capture the intricacies of the policy process in increasingly complex and fragmented societies. Empirically, this study is based on the analysis of agro-environmental strategies for water quality protection in the Province of Ontario over the last 15 years. The contamination of a rural municipal well in Ontario in 2000, with its tragic consequences, translated into an ongoing pluralistic debate and strong attempts to fundamentally change the provincial policy style for addressing drinking water threats, especially agricultural pollution. Based on our analysis, we suggest that meaningful scales for collaboration and integration of land and water resources and interests at the local level, from the point of view of Ontario's agricultural policy network, do not currently include the watershed. We conclude that, instead of forcing watershed-based governance structures, the exploration and examination of more creative and flexible ways of linking watershed imperatives to existing socially and politically meaningful scales in agricultural areas of Ontario and elsewhere is warranted.     

环境危机的现代化根源

现代化是一个复杂而又极富争议的概念。人类文明的现代化进程与近代以来环境恶化的轨迹之间的历史性契合说明了二者间的内在关联。工业化生产方式、城市化生活方式、和以市场化为核心动力的社会运行方式是现代化的核心内容和主要表现形式,同时也是造成当代环境危机的重要根源。