Positive confirmation bias in the acquisition of information

An experiment is reported which tests for positive confirmation bias in a setting in which individuals choose what information to buy, prior to making a decision. The design – an adaptation of Wason's selection task – reveals the use that subjects make of information after buying it. Strong evidence of positive confirmation bias, in both information acquisition and information use, is found; and this bias is found to be robust to experience. It is suggested that the bias results from a pattern of reasoning which, although producing sub-optimal decisions, is internally coherent and which is self-reinforcing.     

企业信息技术管理组织模式及其历史演进

信息化时代,企业对信息技术的使用不仅是IT技术开发应用和系统操作维护的问题,更是一种对专门化服务的管理问题。对企业信息技术管理的组织体制设计,将在很大程度上决定这个企业能否有效地利用信息技术作用来提升其竞争和发展的能力。本文试图从历史发展进程角度分析和评价企业信息技术管理可资采用的几种典型组织模式及其各自的优缺点和适用条件,以对全能型单位剥离辅助业务提供一些操作性的指导意见。     

“自然界演化的全息境界论”质疑——评《自然辩证法新编》中邬焜先生的理论与观点

邬焜先生在《自然辩证法新编》中,从哲学角度将信息分为客观（不实在）信息与主观（不实在）信息,并用所谓的客观信息取代物质第一性的地位,使物质成为没有认知内容的空壳;以信息进化取代物质进化;主张认识物质世界就是将客观信息变为主观信息,就是创造主观信息;世界统一于全息境界。其观点的推渲值得商榷。     

凉山州旅游资源开发与环境保护的法律对策

四川省凉山彝族自治州处于旅游业发展的起步阶段,研究其在旅游资源开发与环境保护中凸显的法律问题更具有现实借鉴意义。本文在实地考察、多方调研的基础上,对当地旅游资源开发利用与环境保护的现状作出描述、分析和评价,并提出相应的法律对策和建议。     

环境民事纠纷行政处理国际借鉴与问题探析

本文在对我国环境民事纠纷处理的现状进行分析后发现其存在之缺陷,比较国际上在环境民事纠纷处理上有先进经验的主要国家和地区的环境纠纷行政处理的立法实践和制度构建,借鉴其先进的经验,针对我国环境纠纷行政处理的现状和实施中存在的问题,为完善我国环境民事纠纷行政处理提出法律对策和建议。     

金融市场中羊群行为的模拟研究及启示

本文在Bikhchandani,Hirshleifer和Welch的羊群行为模型(BHW)的基础上,从实验经济学的角度对金融市场中的羊群行为和信息瀑布进行实验模拟研究,并提出相关的政策建议。本文主要进行了三组实验,并对投资者决策的有效性和实验过程中的计数偏差、现状偏差和代表性偏差进行了考察。实验结果显示,在信息不对称的情况下,很可能会发生信息瀑布和羊群行为。信息因素对羊群行为的产生有重要的影响。在信息模糊和信息不完全的情况下,投资者决策的有效性会大幅度地降低,并伴随着更多的非理性的决策行为。     

基于网格技术的高校图书馆信息资源共享系统研究

网格(Grid)技术是构筑在互联网上的一组新兴技术,将网格技术应用于高校图书馆将是未来高校图书馆的一个发展趋势.针对我国高校图书馆发展现状,建立基于五层沙漏模型和开放网格体系(OGSA)的高校图书馆信息资源共享系统模型和各类保障机制,有利于我国高校图书馆的发展.     

A Wavelet‐Based Approach to Preserve Privacy for Classification Mining*

Despite the commercial success of data mining, a major drawback has been acknowledged across academic, industry, and government sectors, namely, the issue of violating the privacy of individuals. We propose a data transformation method based on wavelets to disguise private data while preserving the original classification patterns. Wavelet transformations have been used extensively in signal processing for data reduction, multiresolution analysis, and removing noise from data. In our implementation, two commonly used wavelet transforms, the Haar and the Daub‐4 transforms, are tested for pattern and privacy preservation in classification mining tasks. Empirical results confirm that the Haar and the Daub‐4 transforms preserve the classification patterns and preserve the privacy for real valued data.     

Impact of Information Technology Integration and Lean/Just‐In‐Time Practices on Lead‐Time Performance*

Managers seeking to improve lead‐time performance are challenged by how to balance resources and investments between process improvement achieved through lean/just‐in‐time (JIT) practices and information technology (IT) deployment. However, extant literature provides little guidance on this question. Motivated by both practical importance and lack of academic research, this article examines empirically the relationships among interfirm IT integration, intrafirm IT integration, lean/JIT practices, and lead‐time performance using data from IndustryWeek's Census of Manufacturers ( IndustryWeek, 2006 ). The results provide several new insights on the relationship between IT integration and lean/JIT practices. First, the study confirms that implementing lean/JIT practices significantly reduces lead time. Second, lean/JIT practices mediate the influence of IT integration on lead‐time performance. This suggests that process improvements that result from lean/JIT practices are important contributors to the success of IT integration. Even companies that have experienced success in reducing lead time through lean/JIT practices may benefit from IT integration practices such as those embodied in enterprise resource planning systems. The findings provide managers with empirical evidence and a theoretical framework on the balance between lean/JIT and IT for effecting improvement in lead‐time performance, thus offering practical guidance on this important question. Future research is needed to extend the lean/JIT practices in this study to supply chain practices and explore the relationship between supply chain practices and IT integration.     

Endogenous Adaptation: The Effects of Technology Position and Planning Mode on IT‐Enabled Change*

The redesign of information technology (IT)‐enabled work processes often necessitates fundamental design changes to the intended work process, the IT platform hosting the work process, or both. Research suggests that such design changes often can be traced to earlier decisions involving endogenous adaptation or internal organizational change. Two such decisions are a firm's technology position and planning mode. This study examines the relationship between technology position and planning mode in predicting the magnitude of design change in process redesign projects. The conceptual frame applied in examining these relationships involves a synthesis of Miles and Snow's adaptive cycle with elements central to concurrent engineering. Our results indicate that the magnitude of design change is related to differences in technology position and planning mode. To effectively implement organizational change, firms must leverage their IT platform by carefully timing IT investments in accordance with their adopted technology position. Directing the trajectory of a firm's IT platform and deploying it so as to complement the firm's technology position reduces design uncertainty, promoting reengineering success.