关于图书馆立法的思考

对图书馆的馆藏文献保护无法律法规依据,而图书馆的处罚条款因超越了其管理权限失去规范作用,是文献资源屡遭破坏的重要原因。图书馆事业的健康发展需要图书馆立法,我国法律体系建设为此奠定了坚实基础。图书馆立法条件已经成熟。图书馆立法必将为图书馆的资金来源、人才队伍的稳定、真正实现资源共享提供有利保障。     

Sick building syndrome and perceived indoor environmental quality: A survey of apartment buildings in Hong Kong

The outbreak of a highly communicable disease, SARS, in Asia in 2003 has revealed the health risk of living in a high-density environment. To show the important connection between human health and environmental quality, this study surveys the prevalence of sick building syndrome (SBS) among apartment residents and their evaluation of indoor environmental quality (IEQ). Based on a sample of 748 households living in Hong Kong, two interesting findings are revealed: (1) nasal discomfort was the commonest home-related SBS symptom despite the absence of any central ventilation system in apartment buildings; (2) noise, rather than ventilation, was the major IEQ problem perceived by residents. Our statistical analysis further showed that residents with SBS symptoms were less satisfied with their IEQ than those without. That is, despite a positive evaluation of specific IEQ criteria with respect to the building residents lived in, if they reported feeling SBS related symptoms, the overall IEQ evaluation of their building could still be negative. This perception bias gives rise to a sample selection problem in measuring perceived IEQ, which has implications on housing management practices and the formulation of a healthy housing policy.     

生态资本主义的哲学批判

环境问题已经是资本主义各种矛盾的集中体现,在日益严峻的环境和生态问题的压力下,资本主义试图调和人与自然环境的关系,构建一种生态化的资本主义,即生态资本主义。但它面临许多无法解决的困境和问题。如何全面准确地认识和评价生态资本主义,对于我国建设可持续发展的社会具有重要的启示意义。     

News

U. S. National Income Series Revised—Congress Votes No on Censuses of Business and Manufactures—Britain Revises Living Cost Index-U. S. and U. K. Surveys Uncover Lacks in Statistical Training-Forthcoming Statistical Conferences     

浅析中国行政伦理建设的实现路径

我国行政伦理失范现象是由多种原因造成的。就我国当前的实际来说,行政伦理建设必须加强国家公务员自身建设、法律制度建设和社会监督建设。自身建设是基础,法律制度是保障,社会监督使之落到实处。只有这样才能适应我国社会主义市场经济建设的需要,建立起具有中国特色的社会主义行政伦理体系。     

Environmental Barriers and Housing Accessibility Problems Over a One-Year Period in Later Life in Three European Countries

Abstract

The objective of this study was to describe environmental barriers and investigate the nature of accessibility problems in housing among single-living, very old people (N = 1,150) in urban regions in three European countries (Sweden, Germany, Latvia), in a one-year perspective. A specific feature of this study is the explicit conceptual differentiation between environmental barriers and accessibility problems, underlying the presentation of the following results: Environmental barriers were very common, and in all three national samples the 20 most prevalent environmental barriers were found in 77–98% of all dwellings investigated. The magnitudes of accessibility problems were similar among the three samples and did not change over one year, while differences were indicated in the types of environmental barriers generating accessibility problems.     

Environmental Tobacco Smoke: Exposure-Response Relationships in Epidemiologic Studies

Demonstration of a dose-response relationship for environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) is an important indication of causality. Central to the analysis and interpretation of dose-response relations as described in epidemiological studies is the relationship between dose and exposure. It must be recognized that in studies of ETS we have only surrogate measures of dose, and these surrogate measures (based on exposure) are imperfect. The question-based measures of ETS exposure generally have not been standardized, may have limited validity and reliability, and cannot comprehensively describe total ETS exposure, exposure to individual ETS components, nor doses of biologically relevant agents at target sites. Nevertheless, useful data have been yielded in epidemiologic studies linking ETS exposure to increased respiratory infection and symptoms, reduced lung growth in children, and increased lung cancer in nonsmoking adults. The more consistent exposure-response data for studies on acute health in children may reflect the greater difficulty in measuring exposure in studies of chronic health in adults.     

环境法的修改与历史转型

我国可以新制定一部环境基本法或修改现行的<环境保护法>,使其成为名副其实的环境基本法,以实现环境法的历史转型.环境基本法的修改坚持国家生态安全与公民生态环境生存权相结合、环境保护与经济建设相结合、污染防治与生态保护建设相结合、国家干预与公众参与相结合、行政主导与市场机制相结合、国内环境法与国际环境法相结合等原则.环境基本法的基本框架应包括总则、政府环境保护管理的组织体制与决策机制、环境法基本制度、环境法律责任和环境损害救济、附则等部分.     

从刑事立法对"见危不救罪"的再思考

在刑法中增设"见危不救罪"是否可行,本质上属于刑事立法范畴.由于见危不救概念与内涵的复杂性,所以在立法上宜区别对待.而刑事立法又受诸多因素制约,从而对"见危不救罪"的思考远未结束,新的思想与内容在进一步的分析中得以呈现.     

Evaluating the impact of utility company billing plans on residential energy consumption

Many utility companies offer their customers the choice of participation in an average payment plan, which enables them to pay a fixed sum for their utility bill each month (with final settlement at the end of the billing year), instead of the conventional “pay as you go” billing procedure. Because customers on average payment plans are protected from paying large bills during peak energy-use seasons and because the information about monthly energy use and its cost is perhaps less salient to them, it was hypothesized that customers on the average payment plan would use more electricity than customers not on the plan. Using a nonequivalent control group design, the electricity consumption of a selection of customers of two utility companies (Ns = 475 and 74) was examined. The results showed that there was no evidence to support the hypothesis. Since the logic of hypothesis testing does not permit the ready acceptance of the null hypothesis, several procedural, methodological, and statistical points were made to buttress the conclusion that the average payment plans had no effect on electricity consumption.