“关系圈”稀释“受害者圈”：企业环境污染与村民大多数沉默的乡村逻辑—山东N村个案研究

基于山东N村手套加工厂及其环境影响的调查发现,村落内生企业的关系嵌入与乡村社会分化的叠加效应,是大多数村民面对环境危害而保持沉默的乡村逻辑。乡村作为兼具乡土底色与经济理性的生活共同体,被企业污染建构为具有统合性的整体受害者圈。“同住一个村”的共同体意识形塑大部分村民的环境沉默行为与少数积极分子环境抗争的自我克制,而企业生产建构的获利者群体进一步分化了受害者圈层,村落“双重圈层”互嵌式关系格局阻隔村民通过集体行动制止企业污染的底层路径。农村内生污染企业的嵌入属性加深了村落社会分化、侵蚀了农村环境治理的社会基础,更提醒关注农村污染企业的社区嵌入与村民环境行为选择的复杂性关联。     

Social capital in Croatia: measurement and regional distribution

By using partial least squares path modeling, this paper develops a complex index of social capital, selects Croatia as the case for testing and validating the index, and investigates the regional distribution of social capital. The social capital index is defined as a complex hierarchical structured construct of third-order with social trust, participation, and civism as its core dimensions. The main results indicate that civism is the most important cause of social capital followed by active participation and social trust. As far as the regional distribution of social capital is concerned, there are statistically significant differences across the Croatian regions. Although the lowest or below the national average level of social capital and its dimensions can be mostly found in the least developed regions (with the exception of the capital), the highest level of social capital and its particular dimensions is not achieved in the most developed regions.     

红豆杉产业发展及路径优化

红豆杉作为国家一级保护野生植物,在城市经济和社会发展中发挥着重要的生态效益、社会效益和经济效益。应紧密结合重庆实际,积极探索和创新红豆杉产业发展路径,科学谋划红豆杉产业发展战略,促进红豆杉产业有序发展。     

Fused least absolute shrinkage and selection operator for credit scoring

Credit scoring can be defined as the set of statistical models and techniques that help financial institutions in their credit decision makings. In this paper, we consider a coarse classification method based on fused least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) penalization. By adopting fused LASSO, one can deal continuous as well as discrete variables in a unified framework. For computational efficiency, we develop a penalization path algorithm. Through numerical examples, we compare the performances of fused LASSO and LASSO with dummy variable coding.     

开放经济下OFDI对产业结构升级效应及传导路径

开放经济下对外直接投资(OFDI)已成为我国融入世界经济的主要途径,在优化产业结构、推进经济转型等方面扮演着重要角色。根据OFDI与产业结构升级及传导路径的互动机理分析,在对安徽省OFDI投资概况和产业结构现状进行分析的基础上,选取2003—2017年相关数据为样本构建VAR模型,运用ADF检验、脉冲响应函数等方法从产业结构总水平角度,实证分析得出短期内安徽省OFDI所能带来的产业结构升级效应并不显著的结论。进而从具体传导路径角度,采用主成分分析法,从10个变量中提取主成分构建VAR模型,运用脉冲响应等方法实证分析得出安徽省OFDI可通过贸易、省内投资、就业和技术路径来促进产业结构升级。为此,安徽省应扩大OFDI规模,提升OFDI质量和效益;增强企业竞争实力和科技创新能力,优化对外投资结构;发挥政府宏观调控和政策引导作用,加大对企业的扶持力度。     

我国环境刑罚轻缓化探析

毋庸置疑,在整个国际社会对环境犯罪处以轻缓刑罚的背景下,我国亦应该对环境刑罚采用轻缓化的原则。诚然,我国的环境刑罚制度与其他国家相比还有许多亟待完善的地方,但这并不妨碍我们在借鉴其他国家先进的立法经验的基础上构建适合我国具体国情的环境刑罚制度。在环境刑罚中要突出自由刑的适用,扩大并完善财产刑的适用,明确财产刑中过于模糊的规定,逐步改善环境犯罪的刑事处罚措施过于单一的缺点和功能上的不足,同时提高对辅助刑罚措施的关注。在环境犯罪方面,在适用传统刑罚措施惩治的基础上配合适用辅助刑罚措施,使我国环境刑罚轻缓化实践不至于成为一纸空谈。     

澜湄命运共同体建设的意义、动因和路径选择

构建澜湄国家命运共同体是中国周边外交和亚洲命运共同体构想的具体实践，将助力东盟共同体建设，促进次区域稳定和繁荣。本文通过对澜湄命运共同体建设的意义、动因和影响因素分析，提出了澜湄命运共同体建设的路径选择。     

美国BIT范本的环境政策考量与变迁及其对中国的启示

美国从1981年启用第一个BIT范本,之后历经数次修订,形成不同版本。其中的环境保护条款从无到有、从简到繁,2012年版本对环境保护又有大力强化。虽然环境例外条款具有法律形态,但因其为缔约方保留环境规制的空间,没有消极影响,其他环境条款尤其专门环境条款则只具有政策形态,对缔约方只有倡导和督促作用,因而也不具有负面意义。基于此,对于中美BIT谈判,中国应该持有像实践WTO规则一样的心态,研究它、接受它,为投身国际实践走出第一步,为将来参与更大范围的规则制定做好准备。     

农村劳动力转移就业的多元路径选择

长期以来，我国农村劳动力转移就业基本上是以流向东部沿海经济发达地区为主的单一模式。近年来，受东部沿海地区产业向中西部地区转移进程加快和内地经济快速发展的影响，区域间的比较优势逐渐弱化，农村劳动力远距离就业的选择空间越来越大，当地政府必须通过调整农业经济结构、鼓励农民自主创业、加大招商引资力度和开辟国外劳务市场等途径探索多元转移就业路径，实现农村劳动力合理转移就业。     

The ‘Bakul Gendong’ as a communication strategy to reject the construction of a cement factory in Central Java

Since 2006, one of Indonesia’s biggest corporations operating in the cement industry has been trying to build a factory at Sukolilo village in Central Java, Indonesia. The potential for of environmental damage caused by mining and the construction of this new factory is the main source of conflict between the public and the giant corporation.The focus of this research was the communication strategy adopted by women in the community to reject the construction of the cement factory in Pati, Central Java, Indonesia. This research used a qualitative method through a case study approach. Interviews, observations, and literature studies were used as data collection techniques for in this research.We found that the practices of the “Bakul Gendong” communication strategy were effective in developing women’s awareness of environmental issues based on the values they believe in. Through the women peddlers, women’s awareness of the risk of environmental damage caused by the cement factories was successfully developed. They also created female farmers’ group named “Simbar Wareh” to strengthen cooperation between them and to better-organize their resistance. The women’s movement to resist the cement factory was also conducted by building a network, meeting authorities, demonstrating, displaying traditional symbols during celebrations such as the “Agustusan” (independence day celebration) and Kartinian (women’s day) as their sites of resistance. The local government and PT. Semen Gresik tended to use technical and economical communicative approaches, while the people mainly refer to local know how PT. Semen Gresik did not use the right communication strategy to understand the conflict that arose and how to handle it, until after 10 years of trying to build a factory in Sukolilo.