生活环境细菌污染的调查

细菌在自然界中数量的多少是环境污染程度的重要指标之一 .本文对湛江市居民生活环境的细菌污染情况进行了调查 ,旨在了解城市居民生活环境的质量 ,唤起人们重视对环境的保护 ,为居民生活环境的治理提供理论依据     

Graph Algorithms with Small Communication Costs

We study minimizing communication cost in parallel algorithm design, by minimizing the number of communication phases in coarse-grained parallel computers. There have been several recent papers dealing with parallel algorithms of small communication cost under different models. Most of these results are for computational geometry problems. For these problems it has been possible to decompose tasks into appropriate subproblems in a communication-efficient way. It appears to be somewhat more difficult to design parallel algorithms with small communication phases for graph theory problems. In this paper we focus on the design of deterministic algorithms with a small number of communication phases for the list ranking problem and the shortest path problem.     

资源约束、环境污染与内生经济增长

文章利用Ｌｕｃａｓ的人力资本积累内生经济增长模型,将耗竭性资源纳入生产函数,得到了模型的平衡增长解,讨论了在耗竭性资源可持续利用条件下的政策含义。考虑到环境外在性对跨时效用的影响,讨论了人均消费与环境质量在长期增长过程中的相互关系以及模型的平衡增长解。     

Motivation for ISO 14000 certification: development of a predictive model

Environmental issues have become critical concerns of businesses in recent years. The Singapore Environment Ministry is urging organizations to consider adopting the ISO 14000 Environmental Management Standards. The main purpose of this study was to investigate and identify a number of variables which would be able to predict the motivation of organizations in adopting the ISO 14000 Standards. Through extensive literature search eight possible predictive variables/factors (cost savings, top management concern, employee welfare, meeting environmental regulations, meeting customer expectations, concern over trade barriers, following head office environmental practices, and gaining competitive advantages) were identified. In total, 300 pre-tested survey questionnaires were mailed out to companies from the Electronic and Chemical industries in Singapore. A response rate of about 20% was obtained. The survey instrument was tested for reliability and validity. Using stepwise discriminant analysis, a predictive discriminant function was developed. Only four out of the originally identified eight variables were included in the model. Possible benefits of such a model for Singapore and other industrializing countries are highlighted.     

欧洲跨国公司在华投资企业的环境管理及其影响

本文以问卷调查与调研结果为依据,对欧洲跨国公司在中国的环境管理实践进行了较为深入的研究。作者认为,跨国公司的跨国界环境管理体系具有非强制性与指导性,而且就某个跨国公司而言,各地子公司的环境管理目标还因各子公司所在行业与地区的特点而异。在环境管理战略方面,多数跨国公司倾向于选择分散化或当地化的管理模式来适应不同的环境管理制度与环境标准,而不是国际一体化的环境管理模式。作者还认为,中国的环境管理体制与总部的环境管理政策决定着子公司的环境管理行为与环境表现。     

The Effects of Environmental Regulations on the Productivity of Large Companies: An Empirical Analysis of the Spanish Case

This article provides evidence to the debateabout whether or not investments designated forcompliance with environmental performance andtechnology standards favor or harm the workproductivity of companies. A panel data modelis analyzed, which panel refers to 53 largeSpanish companies quoted on the stock exchangeand that have participated in a subsidizedenvironmental protection program during the1990–1995 period, specifically in theIndustrial and Technological Program for theEnvironment (PITMA). A Cobb-Douglas productionfunction is used to relate the workproductivity to a measure of the pollutionabatement investment dedicated to compliancewith standards. The resulting negativecoefficient, although close to zero, should notbe interpreted as a result derived from justany kind of regulation, but rather a result ofthe kind of regulation analyzed in this work,meaning the command and control regulation thatoften binds companies to make environmentalinvestments that are not productive in theconventional economic sense, although they areproductive in terms of environmental quality.In addition, and in order to specify the kindof company to which the conclusions of thispaper are applicable, the characteristics ofthe companies that participated in PITMA areanalyzed comparatively with companies that didnot participate.     

信息资源网络化建设中的负面效应及对策

随着知识经济时代的到来和信息技术的飞速发展,在信息资源网络化、国际化、公众化的今天,信息污染、政治渗透、网络安全等已成为信息时代必须尽快加以解决的重大课题.针对网络所带来的负面效应,国家应对国民进行广泛、深入的网络安全教育,同时应尽快制订、逐步完善信息管理方面的法律法规,为我国信息技术的发展和应用创造一个良好的环境.     

Targeting disadvantage in agriculture

The effectiveness of the main policy instrument targeting support at farmers in disadvantaged areas of the UK from 1976 to 2000 (the Hill Livestock Compensatory Allowance Scheme) is evaluated for Northern Ireland, using recursive linear programming models and input–output analysis. Capital, income and employment effects of the Scheme in its latter years are estimated and assessed against declared policy objectives. It is estimated that average farm cash incomes would have been between 17 and 31 per cent lower in the absence of HLCA payments, while farmer net worth would have fallen by approximately 1 per cent annually. In aggregate, some 1000 jobs were sustained by the Scheme and incomes and profits in the region were boosted by £9 million each year. The main economic effect arising from the introduction of a successor area-based subsidy, will be a redistribution of payments from farms with relatively high stocking rates (predominantly larger units) to those operating more extensively (mostly smaller, part-time farms).     

信息网络与海南省人力资源开发

信息网络技术的迅猛发展 ,突破了传统时空、体制以及人力资源管理条件限制 ,为人力资源的开发利用构建了新机制。海南利用信息网络开发人力资源优势明显 ,瓶颈也突出 ,必须扬长避短 ,探索网上人力资源开发方式 ,形成网上开发人力资源的良好氛围     

论海上石油污染与中国海洋环保法制

文章结合我国海域及石油污染的现状,探讨了我国海洋环保法制建设在该方面所取得的成就及不足,并提出了相关对策,以期合理开发海洋资源,实现海洋资源的可持续利用和有效保护.