中华鳖皮肤溃烂病的病原研究

从病鳖肝脏、颈、腿部皮肤溃烂处分离得到菌株M－3、M－6、J－8、J－10株细菌。经人工感染试验证明这四株菌为鳖皮肤溃烂病的病原菌。对菌体形态特征、培养特性和生理生化反应的鉴定证明J-8、J-10为温和气单胞菌（Aeromonassobira），M-3、M-6为摩根氏菌（Morganella，mor－ganii）。     

寓科层于社区之中:基层疫情防控的实践运作——基于J市“党员下沉”实践的调查分析

作为基层社会治理的基本单元,社区在公共卫生危机应对中发挥着重要基础性作用。文章以新冠肺炎疫情的社区防控工作为例,分析社区在人员与资源匮乏的情况下如何实现疫情防控工作的有序有效。研究发现,“党员下沉”在社区疫情防控工作中发挥了重要作用。一方面,“党员下沉”将大量人力和物力聚集到基层社区,充实了社区疫情防控的有生力量;另一方面,“党员下沉”将一套科层组织运作体系移植到基层社区,构建起以下沉党员为核心的组织权威体系,提升了社区内部的组织动员和统筹协调能力。以社区为核心的组织资源调配与组织体系构建在治理主体、制度规范和资源配置等三个方面重新塑造了社区治理秩序,而这一秩序重塑背后凸显的是政府寓科层于社区之中的治理逻辑。     

Challenges of rural women living with obstetric fistula: A phenomenological study

BackgroundObstetric fistula is a devastating complication caused by a prolonged and obstructed labor. It is estimated that about 2 million girls and women continue to live with obstetric fistula while between 50,000–100,000 women worldwide develop obstetric fistula each year. This condition continues to persist and remains a major problem in Ghana and other developing countries.AimTo explore the challenges and post-surgery integration needs among rural women living with obstetric fistula.MethodA critical exploratory research methodology based on phenomenology was used to conduct in-depth one-on-one interviews. A non-probability and purposive sampling were done to identify thirty-six (36) women between the ages of 25 and 65. The interviews were recorded electronically and transcribed verbatim. A systematic analysis of data was then done to identify and categorize emerging themes.ResultsThe results from the study showed that those who lived with obstetric fistulae experienced psychosocial, physical and economic challenges. Dominant among the psychological challenges identified were disruptions in social relations, divorce and loss of baby through neonatal death. Physical challenges include rashes and sores, foot drop, incontinence of urine. Economically, these women lost their source of livelihood and were heavily dependent on other family members. Support from family was also found to be key towards the post-surgery integration of the women.ConclusionObstetric fistula is a dilapidating condition that needs to be addressed at the micro, mezzo and macro level. Based on the findings of the study, recommendations were made to improve emergency obstetric care for women especially for women living in rural communities.     

Is a disease leader attractive? Six tests of whether the COVID-19 pandemic affected follower preferences for attractiveness,health and other traits in political and non-political leaders

Attractive political candidates receive more votes on Election Day compared to their less attractive competitors. One well-cited theoretical account for this attractiveness effect (White et al., 2013) holds that it reflects an adaptive psychological response to disease threats. Voters are predicted to upregulate preferences for attractiveness because it constitutes a cue to health. The global COVID-19 pandemic constitutes an ecologically relevant and realistic setting for further testing this prediction. Here, we report the results from six tests of the prediction based on two large and nationally representative surveys conducted in Denmark (n = 3297) at the outbreak of the pandemic and one year later. Utilizing experimental techniques, validated individual difference measures of perceived disease threat and geographic data on COVID-19 severity, we do not find that disease threats like the COVID-19 pandemic upregulate preferences for attractive and healthy political or non-political leaders. Instead, respondents display heightened preferences for health in socially proximate relations (i.e. colleagues). Moreover, individuals who react aversively to situations involving risks of pathogen transmission (scoring high in Germ Aversion) report higher importance of a wide range of leadership traits, rather than for health and attractiveness in particular. Results are discussed in relation to evolutionary accounts of leadership and followership.