奈达功能对等理论视角下《简·爱》三个中译本修辞手法翻译的比较

本文运用尤金.奈达的功能对等理论分析比较了文学作品《简·爱》中常用的几种修辞手法:拟人、明喻、暗喻、夸张、反讽、提喻、重复和排比的翻译。有的修辞方法可以直译并对译语读者产生同样的效果,有的则需要进行适当的改动来适应译本的风格。具体选用那种方法则取决于修辞手法在译语中被接受的程度。因此,译者不仅要能够识别各种不同的修辞手法,还必须理解其语义功能和风格特点。只要修辞手法能够自然地融入译语,并且其本意不受影响,那么就应该保留其本来的形式。     

以美学视角的“对等”比较李白诗歌中数词的英译

奈达的功能对等理论为李白诗歌英译研究提供了具体可操作的衡量标准。以数词的英译为切入口,以美学视角下的“对等”比较李白诗歌意境美、气势美和情感美等非纯形式诗歌特质在译诗中的还原和再现,对李白诗歌英译研究具有指导和突破意义。     

中国地名的文化性及其翻译

地名不仅仅是代表地理实体的一种语言符号,它还蕴舍着极为丰富的自然或社会丈化内涵,所以地名的译写不仅仅是符号的转换,同时还具有传递各种文化内涵的功能.地名的译写应以音译为主之外,"等效原则"则是实现文化有效传递的一种重要手段.     

具有正弦、余弦、正切鉴相特性的一类三阶锁相环路方程的定性分析

本文对采用理想积分滤波器和RC积分滤波器得到正弦、余弦、正切鉴相特性三阶锁相环路方程，运用首次近似方法，对等价系统判定平衡点渐近稳定、不稳定及拓扑结构，运用Liapunov函数研究渐近稳定的吸引域，进而提供所论环路方程有失锁点。     

委婉语的翻译原则——以《红楼梦》部分原句的委婉语翻译为例

在委婉语翻译过程中,改变的是语言体系,话语信息内容保持不变。在翻译时,要遵循一定的原则、运用一些翻译技巧。对委婉语翻译原则进行探讨之后,得出运用和把握委婉语翻译的理性信息、语体、感情色彩和通顺原则时,翻译要尽量保持委婉色彩和感情色彩的等值、语体的等值和委婉手段的等值。     

Nonparametric regression for functional data: Automatic smoothing parameter selection

We study regression estimation when the explanatory variable is functional. Nonparametric estimates of the regression operator have been recently introduced. They depend on a smoothing factor which controls its behavior, and the aim of our work is to construct some data-driven criterion for choosing this smoothing parameter. The criterion can be formulated in terms of a functional version of cross-validation ideas. Under mild assumptions on the unknown regression operator, it is seen that this rule is asymptotically optimal. As by-products of this result, we state some asymptotic equivalences for several measures of accuracy for nonparametric estimate of the regression operator. We also present general inequalities for bounding moments of random sums involving functional variables. Finally, a short simulation study is carried out to illustrate the behavior of our method for finite samples.     

Small sample equivalence tests for exponentiality

We consider small sample equivalence tests for exponentialy. Statistical inference in this setting is particularly challenging since equivalence testing procedures typically require much larger sample sizes, in comparison with classical “difference tests,” to perform well. We make use of Butler's marginal likelihood for the shape parameter of a gamma distribution in our development of small sample equivalence tests for exponentiality. We consider two procedures using the principle of confidence interval inclusion, four Bayesian methods, and the uniformly most powerful unbiased (UMPU) test where a saddlepoint approximation to the intractable distribution of a canonical sufficient statistic is used. We perform small sample simulation studies to assess the bias of our various tests and show that all of the Bayes posteriors we consider are integrable. Our simulation studies show that the saddlepoint-approximated UMPU method performs remarkably well for small sample sizes and is the only method that consistently exhibits an empirical significance level close to the nominal 5% level.     

句子结构调整与文学翻译的对等问题——读杨必译《名利场》有感

《名利场》是英国著名批判现实主义作家萨克雷的成名之作。已故翻译家杨必的译本在力求保持原著丰姿的基础上摆脱了原文语言结构的束缚,不拘于原文句式的限制,大胆进行句子结构调整：拆长句为短句,化整句为散句;转换句式,调整语序;适当增补,展词成句。她用最切近而又最自然的对等语再现了原语的信息和风韵。     

Bayesian A- and D-optimal designs for gamma regression model with inverse link function

Bayesian optimal designs have received increasing attention in recent years, especially in biomedical and clinical trials. Bayesian design procedures can utilize the available prior information of the unknown parameters so that a better design can be achieved. With this in mind, this article considers the Bayesian A- and D-optimal designs of the two- and three-parameter Gamma regression model. In this regard, we first obtain the Fisher information matrix of the proposed model and then calculate the Bayesian A- and D-optimal designs assuming various prior distributions such as normal, half-normal, gamma, and uniform distribution for the unknown parameters. All of the numerical calculations are handled in R software. The results of this article are useful in medical and industrial researches.     

On linear regression designs which maximize information

Necessary and sufficient conditions are established when a continuous design contains maximal information for a prescribed s-dimensional parameter in a classical linear model. The development is based on a thorough study of a particular dual problem and its interplay with the optimal design problem, extending partial results and earlier approaches based on differential calculus, game theory, and other programming methods. The results apply in particular to a class of information functionals which covers c-, D-, A-, L-optimality, they include a complete account of the non-differentiable criterion of E-optimality, and provide a constructive treatment of those situations in which the information matrix is singular. Corollaries pertain to the case of s out of k parameters, simultaneous optimality with respect to several criteria, multiplicity of optimal designs, bounds on their weights, and optimality which is induced by admissibility.