谈社会认同理论对新需求层次理论模型的构建——从抗日案例看马斯洛需求层次理论的缺陷

马斯洛需求层次理论自创建以来,在经济、管理、心理学等众多领域获得广泛认可,是解释人类动机的重要理论。然而,该理论并不是一副"万灵药",纵观古今历史,不难发现它对于许多特殊情况下(如:成为群体一员并产生认同)的个体动机无法合理解释。像抗日战争时期,众多家境宽裕的中国人放弃原本的良好生活而投入最低层次的生理和安全需求都难以满足的抗日队伍,这些案例似乎并不遵循马斯洛理论强调的只有低层次需求得到满足,个体才会追求更高层次需求的原则。本文旨在通过运用社会认同理论,构建更完善的需求层次理论模型。     

The Use of Mindfulness Training to Create an ‘Accompanying Place’ for Social Work Students

Social work students experience emotional stress while having to perform and meet expectations from both academy and field. They may often feel physically and emotionally overwhelmed while struggling to make the time and space to fully process the varied experiences involved. There seems to be an unmet need for an ‘accompanying place’ where thoughts, feelings and dilemmas can be observed in a non‐evaluative way. Mindfulness has evolved lately as an efficient therapeutic technique in therapy. This paper describes a technique that applies mindfulness meditation in a group format in order to create a broader and richer learning experience that answers students' emotional needs. The group met for eight weeks. Its goals were to enhance self‐awareness and increase emotional support in handling field and academic stressors while experiencing different states of consciousness. Findings show that students were able to acquire new knowledge about themselves, experience autonomy in learning self‐containment and regulation, and gain insights regarding their professional self‐concept. Significance for social work training is discussed.     

HRD university education: an international research agenda

Based on the observation that the systematic study of university-based HRD education - especially in an international comparative approach - is an important but under-explored area of scholarship, this article reports on the results of a need-sensing process among a panel of twenty-one senior HRD administrators and scholars in the United States and Great Britain. The resulting research agenda identified knowledge gaps and research needs in three broad areas: subject matter of HRD education; institutional characteristics, arrangements, and linkages; and outcomes and effectiveness of HRD education. Several categories were identified in each of the three areas and examples described. The implications of this study for research and theory building in international and comparative HRD are discussed.     

公司持有现金的对冲作用

本文探讨融资约束下公司现金策略与投资策略的内生联动性并引入对冲需求的思想,对公司现金持有量促进投资支出的对冲作用进行考察。研究结果表明,公司面临融资约束时通过变动现金策略以避免投资计划的改变,这种联动性导致公司现金策略变化而投资策略不常变动,公司因此具有较高的现金-现金流敏感度且现金-现金流敏感度比投资-现金流敏感度更能够有效反映公司融资约束。我们还发现,现金持有量促进投资的对冲作用受到市场的认同,投资者赋予公司现金策略和投资策略更高的价值评估。     

关于中国平衡发展指数指标体系的构建

中国特色社会主义进入新时代,我国社会的主要矛盾已经转化为人民日益增长的美好生活需要和不平衡不充分的发展之间的矛盾。为定量研究我国发展的不平衡不充分问题,监测我国发展的不平衡不充分程度及其动态变化,本文在认真研究人民美好生活需要和不平衡不充分发展的科学内涵的基础上,构建了一个由经济发展、社会进步、生态环境、民生福祉4个领域,区域和城乡2个维度,共20个二级指标和49个三级指标组成的指标体系。本文重点阐述构建清华大学中国平衡发展指数指标体系的基本理论及其基本框架。     

Needs of fathers during labour and childbirth: A cross-sectional study

Fathers play an important role in the childbearing process, but are sometimes sidelined by midwives. The objectives were: identify fathers’ needs during the labor and childbirth process; determine if their needs were met by midwives; and identify variables influencing these needs.The questionnaire was designed based on a systematic literature search and validated by a multistage consensus method. Data were collected during a cross-sectional study in two maternity wards in Belgium, where a medical-led model is used. Fathers present during natural childbirth were recruited via consecutive sampling.Based on multivariate analyses, fathers with a higher education level and multiparous fathers needed less information about the process of birth compared to less educated fathers (p < 0.05; OR = 4.08; 95% CI = 1.02–16.31) or first-time fathers (p < 0.001; OR = 0.04; 95% CI = 0.01–0.18). For multiparous fathers, a tour of the delivery room was less important than for primiparous fathers (p = 0.005; OR = 0.14; 95% CI = 0.03–0.54). Married fathers needed less information on how to support their partners physically (p < 0.005; OR = 0.18; 95% CI = 0.06–0.59) and emotionally (p = 0.01; OR = 0.24; 95% CI = 0.08–0.72) compared to cohabiting fathers. Information needs are more important to fathers compared to needs focusing on the birth experience or their involvement. Socio-demographic variables like educational level, parity, and marital status were associated with fathers’ needs. Midwives need to be aware of fathers’ needs during the birth process and to fulfill these needs appropriately.     

新疆扩大内需下的金融支持地州经济发展研究

由于新疆经济的比较特色所决定,新疆地州经济社会发展的基本面长期向好趋势并未因金融危机而改变。当前的问题是金融支持与新疆经济发展之间还不相匹配,投放贷款的空间还较大。应积极、准确地寻找金融机构支持经济发展的切入点,做好扩大内需项目的配套融资,大力扶持和培育优质企业进入融资领域等工作,努力实现新疆金融与经济的双赢。     

精神病患陪护小组工作的本土化探索

随着中国社会的急剧变迁,精神疾病已经在全国疾病总负担中占据第一位。在精神疾病治疗和服务供求关系严重失衡的情况下,中国政府倡导了以家庭为依托、以社区和医院为支持系统的精神康复模式,精神病患家属在其中起着至关重要的作用。因此,研究和探索本土化的精神病患陪护小组工作成为迫切的任务。本文通过小组成员问题描述,分析他们的需要,以情感表达理论为分析框架,设计了小组的介入策略与工作内容,透过小组评估,检验了小组效率。最后,通过小组过程反思探索了精神病患陪护小组的本土化。     

社会工作与自闭症儿童家长消极心态干预研究

自闭症儿童的康复是一个世界性难题。从社会工作视角来看则更加注重自闭症儿童与家庭环境和社会环境的互动。自闭症儿童的家庭照顾者是自闭症儿童社会支持系统的“桥梁”,本文正是从自闭症儿童的家庭照顾者入手来研究其对自闭症儿童康复和积极融入社会的重要意义、面临的困境和相应对策。研究发现,自闭症儿童的家庭照顾者不仅存在经济压力和专业护理知识匮乏,更重要的是其内在巨大的心理压力和社会支持系统不足。本文从社会工作实践的优势视角出发,提出了构建家庭照顾者的互助系统以克服无助悲观的心态,加快恢复家庭的社会功能,促进自闭症儿童和家庭融人日常社会。     

Allocating Homes for People with Intellectual Disability: Needs,Mix and Choice

Allocation of housing and support services for people with intellectual disability is based on three major sets of criteria: an assessment of the applicants' needs; considerations of social mix; and the applicants' own choices. This article examines the philosophical and institutional rationales underlying each of these notions and the tensions arising when seeking to achieve a balance between them. The first section of the article is based on a review of related studies in the UK, the USA and Australia, mainly on allocation policies in mainstream social housing. The second section presents original empirical work carried out in the state of Victoria, Australia, in 2007–08, illustrating some of the implications of a new balance that was created between needs, mix and choice in allocation of housing and support for people with intellectual disability. The article argues that the concepts of needs, mix and choice should be redefined in a way which reflects the interdependencies between them. Further, the article calls for more extensive mutual learning between studies of mainstream social housing and housing for people with intellectual disability.