田村“花儿”：一项基于民族志方法的歌谣研究

指出民族志方法下的歌谣研究相较于歌谣本体而言,它更注重的是那些歌唱的人,和这些歌这些人所代表的文化。分析认为,田村是＂花儿＂的生存空间,＂花儿＂是田村人的生活之歌。在田村这一特定的文化生态背景下,＂花儿＂作为一个载体,负载着田村人对自然、对社会、对生活的理解与表达。     

Staff-resident interaction in the nursing home: An ethnographic study of socio-economic disparities and community contexts

In recent years, nursing home (NH) researchers have paid increasing attention to socio-economic and racial/ethnic disparities in quality of care. Although there is growing evidence of disparities in resident health outcomes, less is known about the ways in which these differences manifest in care processes from a qualitative perspective. This paper addresses this gap by comparing staff-resident interactions in two urban, non-profit NHs, including roughly 50 staff participants in each facility. The researcher conducted ethnographic observation in one facility serving a white, middle class community and another serving low-income Black and Hispanic clients from an underserved neighborhood. Grounded theory methods generated three categories of interaction—activating, relating, and attending—which were performed differently in the two NHs. In the more affluent facility, staff interacted with residents in a dynamic fashion, adapting to residents’ responses, and they were relatively well equipped with resident-specific information when responding to individual concerns. In the safety-net facility, staff interacted with residents in a one-directional, “didactic” fashion, providing instruction without a mechanism for adapting to residents’ responses, and they were not as well equipped with resident-specific information. These differences reflected disparities between the two facilities in staff communication skills, underscoring the importance of workforce development to enhance the quality of staff-resident interaction and promote resident-centered care. This study raises further questions about the role of neighborhood contexts in shaping organizational processes that influence quality of life for NH residents. Moreover, the study offers a unique contribution to the NH literature by generating a typology of styles of interaction that can be used to develop a conceptual framework for understanding staff-resident interaction in the nursing home. Such a framework can inform efforts to improve residents’ quality of life.     

Private democracy: on corporate theories of persuasion in public life

Private corporations have grown rapidly in numbers worldwide and their increasing power and involvement in human life needs to be more fully and critically understood. This ethnographic inquiry draws on studies of very large U.S. corporations, the work of Aristotle, Bacon, Bakhtin, and others to evoke an increasing use of rhetoric and self-consciously designed social organizations developed for profit by the private sector. Companies, it is shown, have historically and now theorize the social order, seek to totalize aspects of it, impose arbitrary orders, critique one another, and influence more effectively subsequent human behavior in the marketplace.     

生活方式变迁下的城市环境设施设计研究

城市环境设施设计与人们的生活方式息息相关。在生活方式变迁的情况下进行城市环境设施设计,应该深入分析生活方式的变迁对环境设施产生的影响,并利用基于群体文化学方法对人们的生活方式进行实地研究,进而得出人们的真实需求、具体行为模式和心理特征并由此来指导环境设施设计。此外,还应从更广泛的背景上建立人-设施-环境-城市的有机系统。     

Ethnography and the digital fields of social media

Qualitative researchers struggle to study the transient fields of social network sites like Twitter through conventional ethnographic approaches. This paper suggests that, in order to step further, we should distinguish between the relatively stable ‘contextual’ fields of bounded online communities and the fluid, ‘meta-fields’ resulting from the aggregation of scattered communicative contents based on their metadata. Both these two intertwined layers of the digital environment interplay with users’ online social practices – which are embedded within offline everyday life and vice versa. While Internet ethnography largely dealt with contextual digital fields, recent developments in the realm of online research allow the ethnographic exploration of digital meta-fields and their publics. This shift recalls Marcus’ appeal for a multi-sited ethnography but, in fact, goes further beyond, towards a truly ‘un-sited’ ethnography. I highlight and discuss the main methodological implications of meta- and contextual fieldworks by presenting an exploratory study of European exchange students’ Facebook identities.     

用民族志方法书写非物质文化遗产——在作为知识生产的场所的村落关于写文化的对话

这个对话围绕的主旨是如何在村落、如何在当下书写以非物质文化遗产为关怀的民族志.这种民族志所要求的田野作业必须正视知识生产的在场,把乡村设定为村民、知识分子和国家发生持续互动的舞台.     

朋友圈里的“我”:青少年的经验

微信朋友圈是青少年进行线上表达和建构自我的理想场域。基于虚拟民族志的探索表明,青少年在朋友圈的线上的"我"具有真实性,它存在于自我相关资讯的持续分享中,其表演方式是展示而非告诉。圈子里的朋友关系建基于交谈事件而非共享情感。总体而言,青少年在朋友圈里的"我"是其"更为真实的理想形象"。这些线上的"我"们彼此孤独地相伴,常驻于各自的心,却终究相望/忘于彼此的"江湖"。     

后现代主义背景下的西方艺术人类学述论

许多人类学家认识到,艺术史能够为人类学家提供一种视野,即将艺术品视为观看的物化方式,并且在不同的文化和不同的历史时期呈现出各异的面貌。时至今日,艺术学不再将自己封闭在一个狭小的象牙塔中,认为艺术与日常生活无关,与民众的行为及社会的互动无关,只是一些高雅圈子里的为艺术而艺术的产物。艺术的研究需要人类学的视角及养分。文章分别从后代主义思潮下的艺术人类学发展、艺术人类学理论、艺术民族志观点,概要描述20世纪70年代以来,西方艺术人类学的发展脉络、学者们普遍关注的理论命题、艺术人类学方法论的创新实践,以及对当前中国艺术人类学研究的启示。     

The Vernacular Landscape of Assisted Living

This article is an exploration into the vernacular landscape of Assisted Living (AL), a conceptual idea borrowed from cultural geographer J.B. Jackson, which distinguishes formalized, planned space from those spaces which are unintended and often created spontaneously--vernacular. Based upon three large-scale, multi-year ethnographic studies in Maryland, we consider some of the ways people who live in AL relate to and respond to the built environment, at times subverting the intended purpose of design to make it their own. The conflict that often ensues over both planned and vernacular public and private space, we propose is ultimately the product of living within an environment that is both someone's home as well as a place of business, whose job it is to keep people safe. Within this physical context of vernacular private and public spaces, this article enriches understandings about the way autonomy and privacy expresses itself.     

HORIZONTAL CUTS & VERTICAL PENETRATION: THE 'FLESH AND BLOOD' OF IMAGE FABRICATION IN THE OPERATING THEATRES OF INTERVENTIONAL RADIOLOGY

In my essay, I analyse surgical and radiological practices of how the blood flow is being explored, rendered visible and treated. For this I use material of my ethnographic research, which I conducted in the operating theatres of interventional radiology at the University Clinic of Radiology/General Hospital in Vienna. I am particularly interested in notions of invasiveness and how they are permanently transformed in this clinical area. Continual inventions of new technologies in surgery as well as in radiology lead necessarily to a decomposing of what terms like invasive, minimal- and non-invasive mean. However, the meanings of invasiveness for patients and radiological personnel are shifting – this notion is crucial – because it marks a cultural and epistemic turn in medicine, which is already far advanced. In the operating theatres of interventional radiology, surgical and digital imaging proceedings melt into one another and transform the integrity of the patient' body through particular ways of staging and through a specific choreography between the physicians' hands and eyes.