美国与欧洲一体化(1942-1957)

二战后期和战后初期 ,欧洲联合运动蓬勃发展。出于对外总体战略的需要 ,美国对早期欧洲一体化的进程极为关注 ,其态度和政策经历了由反对到谨慎支持再到积极介入的转变。作为一种重要的外部动力 ,美国的政策对早期欧洲一体化的顺利进行起到了不可忽视的推动作用 ,具有非常积极的意义     

入世后我国农业扶持政策存在的问题与对策

文章对我国农业扶持政策的现状和存在问题进行全面剖析,通过研究得出:政府对农业扶持力度在加大的同时也存在不合理方面,如关税设置不合理,"绿箱"支持结构严重扭曲,支农效率低下等。在WTO框架下,在借鉴发达国家农业扶持政策的基础上,为提高我国农产品竞争力和增加农民收入,提出建立完善的我国农业扶持政策的具体对策。     

上海合作组织存在的问题及我国的对策

上海合作组织是当今欧亚大陆最大的一个地区性国际组织,也是第一个由我国倡导创立的区域性国际组织。自创立以来,该组织合作的领域不断扩展、合作的机制日益健全、工作推进日趋务实、国际影响逐渐扩大,但也存在一些问题。对此,我国必须采取相应的对策:加强上海合作组织的合作,以增强组织内部的凝聚力和保持该组织稳步发展的可持续性;应当特别重视中俄两国之间的双边友好合作关系;倡导加强组织内部合作,尽早实现美国从吉尔吉斯斯坦撤出军事基地,等。     

Scenario Tree Modeling to Analyze the Probability of Classical Swine Fever Virus Introduction into Member States of the European Union

The introduction of classical swine fever virus (CSFV) into a country free of disease without vaccination may have huge consequences in terms of both disease spread and economic losses. More quantitative insight into the main factors determining the probability of CSFV introduction (PCSFV) is needed to optimally use resources for the prevention of CSFV introduction. For this purpose a spreadsheet model was constructed that calculates the annual PCSFV into member states of the European Union (EU). The scenario pathway approach was used as most probabilities in the model are very small. Probability distributions were used to take into account inherent variability of input parameters. The model contained pathways of CSFV introduction including the import of pigs and pork products, returning livestock trucks, and contacts with wild boar. All EU member states were included as possible sources of CSFV. Default results for the Netherlands showed a mean overall annual PCSFV of approximately 0.06, indicating that the Netherlands can expect CSFV introduction on average once every 18 years from the pathways and countries included in the model. Almost 65% of this probability could be attributed to the pathway of returning livestock trucks. The most likely sources of CSFV introduction were Germany, Belgium, and the United Kingdom. Although the calculated probabilities were rather low when compared with expert estimates and recent history, the most likely causes of CSFV introduction indicated by the model were considered to be realistic. It was therefore concluded that the model is a useful tool to structure and analyze information for decision making concerning the prevention of CSFV introduction.     

和谐社会模式下的环境政策分析

环境是人类赖以生存的基本条件。在当今世界,新的环境危机使经济社会的可持续发展受到严重地制约。以我国建设和谐社会为契机,从环境问题与环境政策的关系入手,来分析我国环境政策的现状,提出,为实现人与自然之间的和谐发展人类所应该采取的3种正确态度。在综合分析的基础上, 提出了7条有助于在我国建设和谐社会的环境政策建议。     

论市场社会主义学派的劳动产权理论

劳动产权主要指劳动者按照劳动贡献享有收益的权利。市场社会主义学派对劳动产权问题有着丰富而深刻的分析,认为落实劳动产权有利于解决劳资矛盾,推动劳动生产率的提高,主张劳动者应该获得政治民主、经济民主和利益分配权利,企业的分配制度应该将按要素分配与按劳分配结合起来。     

Remaining childless in affluent economies: a comparison of France, West Germany, Italy and Spain, 1994–2001 Rester sans enfant dans des sociétés d'abondances: une comparaison de la France, l'Allemagne de l'Ouest et l'Espagne, 19994–2001

This article explores why women delay childbearing and increase their likelihood to remain childless in Spain, Italy, West Germany and France. We take a macro–micro perspective and show that national institutions influence women’s life transitions, in particular partnership and motherhood. For coupled women, we find two alternative modes out of childlessness. In countries with high direct and indirect child costs, like Spain and Italy, entering a male-breadwinner couple or occupying a stable and high-income position facilitates motherhood, while in the French context motherhood is most likely in a dual-earner partnership.      

浅析我国房地产市场过热现象

近年来中国房地产市场越炒越热,房价一路水涨船高,且有继续上涨的趋势。很多人认为房地产市场存在过热现象。房价在近年来迅速上升的原因主要包括人们的收入水平普遍提高,城市化进程加快,土地成本和建筑成本的升高,金融政策比较宽松,人们对房价继续上升的预期,以及海外热钱的涌入。存在的问题主要是供求结构不合理,存在投机行为和金融隐患。建议采取加强土地管理,提高利率以及市场多元化等措施加以调控。     

Kinship care for children in the UK: messages from research,lessons for policy and practice1

This article presents a comprehensive overview of kinship care, or as it is also known, family and friends care, paying particular attention to the UK child welfare, legal, policy/practice contexts. The aim of the article is to raise awareness, and provide information, about a hitherto largely invisible, yet expanding placement option being widely used in child welfare systems in the UK, in Europe and elsewhere. The article places kinship care within a UK and European child welfare legal context, including the European Convention on Human Rights 1998 [Articles 8 and 14] and European kinship care developments are also highlighted. It contains the main findings of a kinship care research study conducted by the author, based on interviews with children and young people living with kinship carers, as well as with the kinship carers. Following an examination of theoretical and policy issues, the article examines ways forward for developing and supporting kinship care. In the final section, and based on the research findings and literature review, a new paradigm for child welfare is introduced. It is argued that this new paradigm is necessary in order for kinship care practice and policy to develop within a supported and sustainable family support framework.     

Marital disruption and economic well-being: a comparative analysis

Summary.  Though there is a considerable literature concerned with the economic consequences of marital breakdown, there is still substantial disagreement in terms of its magnitude. One of the major problems underlying this debate is how economic well-being is defined. We implement several measures of well-being of monetary and multidimensional nature by using data from the European Community Household Panel. Another issue in this literature concerns selection bias of divorcing couples. We tackle this issue by using a propensity score matching technique combined with a difference-in-differences estimator. Results confirm the importance of the definition of well-being. We find a strong gender bias when using monetary measures but a considerably lower bias, and for some countries non-existent, when using non-monetary indices.