Internalization and internationalization under competing real options

The theories of internalization and internationalization provide general factors of international market entry but are not precise about its timing. The theory of real options may complement these approaches as it centers the impact of uncertainty on the timing and dimensioning of investment. A panel study of 5379 German entries to 22 countries suggests that, under the moderating influence of competition, the economic uncertainty in a host country has a U-shaped influence on the moment of entry. The results further reveal that uncertainty has a negative effect on the amount of capital at entry. Uncertainty shows no impact on the share in capital at entry, which challenges the view of international joint ventures as real options.     

欧盟东扩背景下的俄罗斯对欧战略决策分析

欧盟的新一轮东扩引起了世人的广泛关注。这不仅改变了欧洲的政治格局,而且将深刻影响俄罗斯的地缘政治形势和周边政治经济环境。这就要求俄罗斯制定新时期对欧战略以指导本国外交实践。论文通过对俄罗斯面临的新的国际形势的考察,预测并分析俄罗斯对欧战略的内容和影响,并通过对这一战略的事实解读和理论解读更加清晰地认识新时期俄罗斯对外政策,更好地把握复杂且多变的欧洲地缘战略格局。     

Challenges in Teaching Short Courses by an Academic Department: The University of Florida Experience

“A Week of Short Courses” is the title given by the Department of Statistics at the University of Florida to its offerings each spring. The offerings are short courses, each lasting 2 1/2 days. The program began in the spring of 1991 with four courses, and has grown to six courses in 1994. During this four-year period the Department of Statistics has faced many challenges that are addressed in this paper.     

Modified tables for the selection of qss–1 quick switching system for a given (aql,lql)

This paper presents a set of new tables and procedures for the selection of the following three types of Quick Switching (QS) systems for a given Acceptable Quality Level (AQL), Limiting Quality Level (LQL), producer's risk and consumer's risk.

(1) A Single sampling QS system with equal sample sizes but with different acceptance numbers

(2) A Single sampling QS system with two different sample sizes but with same acceptance number and

(3) A QS systen with double sampling normal inspection and single sampling tightened inspection

The third type of QS systen is the one newly presented in this paper. The tables provide unique plans for a given set of conditions as well as providing a smaller sample size or a smaller sum of Average Sample Numbers(ASN) at the AQL and LQL     

自贸区是抵御国际资本市场冲击的有力防线吗

通过增加企业的海外融资和金融加速器机制,本文建立了一个可以改变资本项目开放程度的动态一般均衡模型,用于分析自贸区模式和全开放模式下海外资本市场冲击对本国经济的影响。模拟结果表明,长期来看,当海外资本市场波动较小时资本项目开放更有利于经济体的稳定;而当海外资本市场波动较大时,盲目开放则会加剧经济波动。短期来说,无论海外资本市场是否稳定,资本项目的开放都会增加经济体遭受海外冲击的风险。相比于全开放,自贸区所设定的局部开放模式能够有效地缓解海外资本市场波动对于本国投资和产出的短期负向冲击。     

Conditional Density Estimation in the Single Functional Index Model for α-Mixing Functional Data

In this article, we investigate the nonparametric estimation of the conditional density of a scalar response variable Y, given the explanatory variable X taking value in a Hilbert space when the observations are linked with a single index structure. The goal of this article is to present the asymptotic results such as pointwise almost complete consistency and the uniform almost complete convergence of the kernel estimation with rate for the conditional density in the setting of the α-mixing functional data, which extend the i.i.d case in Attaoui et al. (2011 Attaoui , S. , Laksaci , A. , Ould-Said , E. ( 2011 ). A note on the conditional density estimate in the single functional index model . Statist. Probab. Lett. 81 ( 1 ): 45 – 53 .[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]) to the dependence setting. As an application, the convergence rate of the kernel estimation for the conditional mode is also obtained.     

人民币汇率指数编制及其与宏观经济变量的联动分析

本文在总结国内外汇率指数编制经验教训的基础上,提出了人民币汇率指数编制的基本理论与方法,设计了一套能全方位多角度反映我国在不同市场特征下进出口竞争力状况的包含人民币发达市场汇率指数、人民币新兴市场汇率指数和人民币全市场汇率指数的指数体系编制方案。具体编制时,本文首次引入“第三方市场效应”,以全面反映我国与其他经济体之间的竞争关系,并首次使用“除数修正法”,对指数因成分货币或权重调整引起的非汇率价格因素变动进行修正,以保证指数的连续性。最后,用交叉谱分析实证发现,相对于国内外其他人民币汇率指数,本文编制的人民币汇率指数与主要宏观经济变量之间存在更强的一致性和不同情形的领先响应关系,联动更为紧密。     

Xenophobia and immigrant contact: French public attitudes toward immigration

How does the presence of immigrants in a local community affect xenophobic attitudes? Does contact with immigrants ameliorate or exacerbate anti-immigrant attitudes among citizens? Synthesizing public opinion, economic, and demographic data from France, we test hypotheses concerning the relationship between the presence of immigrant populations and xenophobic sentiments. Supportive of the contact theory, we find that larger immigrant populations decrease xenophobic attitudes. This finding challenges much of the country-level research on immigrant concentration and xenophobia and offers some hope for those who are concerned about the rise of xenophobia and the radical right in the midst of diverse European polities.     

在完善市场经济体制背景下加快民族地区经济发展

民族地区的经济发展在我国国民经济中具有十分重要的战略地位 ;改革开放以来 ,民族地区的经济发展取得了举世瞩目的成就 ,同时在新形势下面临不少发展难题 ;应当认真贯彻党的民族政策 ,采取一系列措施 ,在完善市场经济体制背景下 ,加快民族地区的经济发展。     

论市场经济条件下高校思想道德教育的个体价值

思想道德教育的价值是个体价值和社会价值的统一。在目前的高校思想道德教育过程中,人们对思想道德教育的个体价值关注不够,从而影响到思想道德教育的有效性。面对市场经济的挑战,恰如其分地分析并阐述思想道德教育的个体价值,显得尤为重要而迫切。在市场经济条件下,高校思想道德教育的个体价值在于:增强大学生的主体性,帮助大学生确立对待竞争的正确态度;促进大学生心理健康,塑造大学生的高尚人格。