弘扬自然辩证法传统 建设科学技术学学科群

本文回顾了我国自然辩证法学科和学科群的发展过程,分析了其间的广义理论和狭义理解、分歧和共性,探讨了终将从广义上延拓成科学技术学一级学科,从狭义上形成二级学科群的合理性和现实可能性.基于坚定自然辩证法原理作为科学技术学基础理论及学科建设指南的必然性,建议扩大<自然辩证法研究>副标题的内涵,将目前冗长的副标题改变成简洁的"关于科学技术学的理论性杂志".     

关于建立“成都学”的思考

通过一个城市的历史,去透视整个人类文明发展的进程、值得趋避的经验与教训,是城市学研究的根本目的.把具有两千多年历史的成都作为一个聚焦点,可以涉猎城市规模、城市生态系统、社会结构和社会文化,以及地理、历史、人才、经济、技术,城市管理机制、生态机制、监督机制和应变机制等诸多问题,这也都是当今世界性"城市化"浪潮中人们普遍关心的话题.     

理论实证相印语言文化相融--胡正武《训诂阐微集》评议

胡正武新著《训诂阐微集》在训诂方面所展现的,具有理论与实证相得益彰,语言与文化水乳交融,语料丰富内容广博等特点,这是与其深厚扎实的学术功底,别具一格的研究方法相为表里的。胡君甘于寂寞的治学态度,该书朴实无华的语言风格在当今急功近利、充满躁动的商品经济社会里,尤其显示其现实意义。     

1909年北京学界公宴伯希和事件补考——兼论王国维与早期敦煌学

1909年北京学界于六国饭店公宴伯希和是早期敦煌学史上的一桩标志性事件,学者们对此多有考订。根据新公布的《江瀚日记》影印本,可确认公宴时间为1909年10月4日,另外此次公宴的参会人员有18人,包括王国维,此日记为考察王国维与早期敦煌学之间的学术因缘提供了珍贵史料。此次公宴原本具有双重意图,既有对外联络西方学者、推动敦煌文献刊布的目的,也有对内促成学部、京师大学堂的主事官员同意购买、保存劫余敦煌写卷的用意。     

论《恩施州民族研究丛书》的文化特点与意义

2000年以来,恩施州民宗委组织全州民族与文化工作者开展民间文化再挖救工程,到2006年已完成民族民间文化挖掘与研究的课题49个,并将其编著成书共49部,形成了《恩施州民族民间研究丛书》,这套丛书函盖了民族研究的方方面面,展示了恩施州深厚的民族民间文化,是研究鄂西地区民族问题和民族民间文化的基本材料,为继承与创新民族民间文化起到了奠基作用。     

美国宪法第四修正案中的"相当理由"之变迁——兼论我国刑事强制措施证明标准的完善

美国宪法第四修正案中的"相当理由"在司法实践中经历了从一元向多元的嬗变,与之遥相呼应,美国理论界也一直存在着"相当理由"究竟是固定标准还是滑动标准的论争。我国未来刑事诉讼法的修改,应借鉴美国法上的"相当理由"标准,在遵循比例原则的基础上,规定多元化的刑事强制措施证明标准的同时,建立相关的配套措施,保障刑事强制措施制度的正当化。     

知识观光:中国研究的知识伦理框架

中国研究发展至今,研究对象与研究者都出现了自我认识上的困惑。原本各有其所的知识主体与知识客体出现混淆。在这样的背景下,中国研究遭到的挑战,其巨大的潜能与严肃的程度都是不言而喻的。某种知识伦理体系的勾勒,以及未来这个体系的开展,与个别研究者在其中位置的界定与迁移,共同赋予研究者一种赖以自我定位的空间意识,使研究者对自己所同意或不同意的知识立场,能掌握某种伦理上的相对关系。本文将知识的性质归纳成三个不同的面向——欧洲中心与中国中心;共时性与历史性;物质性与诠释性——使得在某一个面向看似迥异的知识立场,在其它面向却因为归属于相互接近的位置,出现对话的可能性,并得以一探彼此之究竟。更重要的是知识伦理关系的建立容许研究对象加入对话,这个对话可以由研究对象直接参与,也可以由研究者假想参与,更可以由其它研究者代理参与。这样的无限空间将吸引每一位研究者对自己的位置进行反省,丛而使他不会再继续甘愿拘泥在一个特定知识主张之中。     

A Business Model Innovation Typology

An effective business model is the core enabler of any company's performance. Business model innovation is not only becoming more and more important due to increasing and globalizing competition, but also an enormous challenge, both theoretically and practically. Although many managers are eager to consider more disruptive changes to their business model, they often do not know how to articulate their existing or desired business model and, even less so, understand the possibilities for innovating it. One of the steps toward developing more theoretical insight and practical guidelines is the identification of types and the development of a typology of business model innovations. Ten retrospective case studies of business model innovations undertaken by two industrial companies provide the empirical basis for this article. We analyzed the characteristics of these innovations as well as their success rates. The findings suggest that there are indeed various business model innovation types, each with its own characteristics and challenges.     

Automating argument construction

Over the past five years the Artificial Intelligence Center at SRI has been developing a new technology to address the problem of automated information management within real- world contexts. The result of this work is a body of techniques for automated reasoning from evidence that we call evidential reasoning. The techniques are based upon the mathematics of belief functions developed by Dempster and Shafer and have been successfully applied to a variety of problems including computer vision, multisensor integration, and intelligence analysis.

We have developed both a formal basis and a framework for implementating automated reasoning systems based upon these techniques. Both the formal and practical approach can be divided into four parts: (1) specifying a set of distinct propositional spaces, (2) specifying the interrelationships among these spaces, (3) representing bodies of evidence as belief distributions, and (4) establishing paths of the bodies for evidence to move through these spaces by means of evidential operations, eventually converging on spaces where the target questions can be answered. These steps specify a means for arguing from multiple bodies of evidence toward a particular (probabilistic) conclusion. Argument construction is the process by which such evidential analyses are constructed and is the analogue of constructing proof trees in a logical context.

This technology features the ability to reason from uncertain, incomplete, and occasionally inaccurate information based upon seven evidential operations: fusion, discounting, translation, projection, summarization, interpretation, and gisting. These operation are theoretically sound but have intuitive appeal as well.

In implementing this formal approach, we have found that evidential arguments can be represented as graphs. To support the construction, modification, and interrogation of evidential arguments, we have developed Gister. Gister provides an interactive, menu-driven, graphical interface that allows these graphical structures to be easily manipulated.

Our goal is to provide effective automated aids to domain experts for argument construction. Gister represents our first attempt at such an aid.     

蓝鼎元幕友时期的乡治思想述论

蓝鼎元入台充当幕友时期,基本上形成了一个具有简约、实用特点的乡治思想体系。作为清初道南学派经世思想的应用与延续,这一思想体系总结、发展了我国传统的乡治思想,与文化专制主义"相互映衬",构成了清代思想文化中积极的一面。