后霸权理论及其当代意义

霸权曾经是政治文化的一个核心概念,但随着世界全球化进程的迅速推进,国家权力控制的新发展以及世界范围内新社会运动的蓬勃发展,人们开始对霸权理论提出了质疑和反思,后霸权(post-hegemony)概念应时提出。后霸权概念使我们更为深入和全面地理解当今这个飞速发展的世界,但后霸权理论不应被看作是对霸权理论的颠覆和否定,而应是对霸权理论的丰富和发展。当今世界依然存在着霸权与反霸权的斗争,而且还将继续下去,这是我们所必须关注的。     

论文学与政治的意蕴交映——2010年诺贝尔文学奖评奖感思

略萨因对专制政权的痛恨和民众反抗精神的精致描写而获2010年诺贝尔文学奖,这一事实印证了文学与政治的关系:文学是对人类自身的研究,是对不同社会制度下的人际关系和人的生存困境的思考,这就是文学与政治的不解之缘。在政治哲学层面上,文学的政治性表现为文艺作品对人类理想社会的追求与探索,因而具有政治文化的意识形态作用;在政论性文学层面上,文学文本直接服务于国家政权的诉求,因而具有政治认同的历史作用。略萨的文学创作两者兼而有之,不仅为文学与政治的相互包蕴树立了典范,也为困境中的当代文学指明了发展方向。     

Translation Studies的名与实--再议"Translation Studies"一词的汉译

“Translation Stud ies”一词的汉译,我国学界有不同的主张。其实,该词具有“翻译学”和“翻译研究”的双重译名,我们应以“名实相符”为原则,根据其不同所指赋予其不同的汉译名予以区分。同时,依据这一原则对我国引进的部分国外学术专著的书名的汉译应进行修改。     

Children in Educational Residential Care: A Cohort Study of Israeli Youth

Abstract

This article reports preliminary findings from a national cohort study in Israel on the educational outcomes of 82,342 Jewish citizens born in 1981. We compare the educational outcomes of 2002 alumni of youth villages and their peers in the general population with respect to differences among cultural subgroups. The Israeli Central Bureau of Statistics generated the database by combining different official data files based on a personal identification number that each Israeli citizen receives. This database covers the entire cohort and includes information on their background and educational status. The findings indicate that the educational status of alumni of youth villages at the age of 27 is less positive compared to that of their peers in the general population. Cultural differences are discussed with respect to the role of youth villages as a means for upward mobility of disadvantaged youth, and implications for policy and future research are suggested.     

Redefining Critical Autism Studies: a more inclusive interpretation

This article explores the definition of Critical Autism Studies and its inclusion in autistic scholarship. There has been critique of recent non-autistic literature for lacking autistic authorship, leading to doubts about its epistemological integrity due to misrepresentations of autistic culture and the neurodiversity movement. This article utilises the work of Arnold, Milton and O’Dell et al. to introduce an emancipatory definition to ensure the discipline is autistic led. In the process, we discuss the nature of autism studies and what constitutes critical literature. We propose Waltz’s interpretation of Critical Autism Studies as a working definition.     

(Dis)Arming the madman: sane supremacy and the Second Amendment

Abstract

The protection of American mental health consumers’ Second Amendment rights is the ‘mad’ liberation issue of the twenty-first century. Federal laws currently dispossess the differently minded of their Second Amendment access and rights to bear firearms. In response to a spate of school shootings, ‘Red flag laws’ are used in an effort to circumvent mad citizens’ rights to self-preservation and defence. In this article I am proposing neither a political-left nor right side of the aisle position, but rather a bipartisan, anti-sanist stance, where I call for an end to America’s contemporary era of sane supremacy that strips the mad citizenry of their rights to own firearms.     

Playing with materiality: an agential-realist reading of SethBling's Super Mario World code-injection

ABSTRACT

This article takes inspiration from Youtuber and software developer ‘SethBling’ and his 2016 ‘code-injection’ (Bling, 2016), in which, using only a standard Super Nintendo Entertainment System controller and in-depth knowledge of the console, he ‘injected’ and executed the code of popular mobile game Flappy Bird (Nguyen, 2013) into a running instance of Super Mario World (Miyamoto, 1990), effectively transforming one game into another through play. Drawing from this I propose a performative understanding of videogames (and software in general) to reinvigorate discussions of software's materiality. Though it is possible to contrast Wendy Chun's (2008a) suggestion that one can view software as ‘vaporous’ against Friedrich Kittler's (1995) assertion that ‘there is no software’, I propose a more holistic approach. Academics and users alike should attempt to see software as living a double-life: as simultaneously solid as it is (metaphorically) gaseous. It then becomes possible to embrace software(s) as performative examples of the entangled ‘phenomena’, suggested by Barad (2007), that produce everyday reality through quantum activity. I explore SethBling's code-injection suggesting that actions clearly reveal software's double existence as both tangible ‘thing’, locatable on magnetic memory, and as a vaporous non-entity. Accepting these propositions together, software can be understood as continuously re-emerging through shared activities. Following Barad, I conclude that this quality is not unique to software, but software – and videogames above all – are a useful tool for understanding a vision of reality that favours activity over materiality as the basis of our existence.     

《红楼梦》悲剧精神的休闲学意义

本文首次尝试从休闲研究的视角探索《红楼梦》的悲剧精神。悲剧精神与休闲学具有一致的终极指向与核心价值,是进行这种探索的理论依据。文章阐述了《红楼梦》悲剧精神的三方面基本内容,初步揭示了它们所蕴涵的休闲学意义:个体休闲的实现必然受到各种条件的制约;不同个体之间的差异性导致的休闲实现之差异,表明休闲具有深刻的人文性;与一定的经济文化和社会阶层相适应的休闲方式,既具有变化的时代性,也具其审美的永恒性。从休闲学视角解读《红楼梦》的悲剧精神,能使我们更具体了解这种悲剧精神所体现的对人自身、人的幸福、命运的思考,认识这种思考所达到的广度和深度;同时,又能使我们更深刻地认识以人的自由为指向的休闲生活对于人类生活、幸福、命运的意义。     

Enclosure,writing, and resistance: revisiting the prose of Daniil Kharms

The author argues that discipline – operating through the distribution of individuals by means of enclosure and surveillance – is crucial to understanding Daniil Kharms’s prose of the 1930s. The author focuses on three of his mini-stories, first looking at mechanisms of surveillance in “Dream,” examining their effects upon the psyche that have material impacts on the body of the individual. Then he turns to a trajectory of enclosure that operates from the urban commons (“Trial by Lynching”) to the home (“An Unexpected Drinking Party”). The centripetal trajectory of enclosure ends in all cases at the body as the endpoint of discipline and, ultimately, the site of Kharms’s “grotesque resistance,” challenging the enclosure of the body from the point of its confinement. He also looks to how paper – as theme in and medium of Kharms’s work – operates within these spatial dynamics. He draws upon Harold Innis, who associated the rise of print in the United States with the “space bias” of communication. Reading Foucault and Innis together, Kharms’s short prose works can be understood as a contestation of the space bias of print media in the Stalinist era, prompting Kharms’s retreat to the contours of the body as a site of struggle.     

Global Identifications: The Social Identity Behind the Globalised Sociocultural Anthropologist

My social identity as a diasporic Korean American male sometimes engendered doubts about my competency as a cultural anthropologist of South Korea. Such ethnonational gatekeeping by my ‘native’ Korean colleagues laid bare broader critiques of ‘the West’. Paradoxically, they also prompted re-entrenchments of nativeness (and implicitly, non-nativeness) by my colleagues despite their increasingly ‘non-native’ transnational identities. These embodied cultural boundaries are less visible (and arguably less consequential) to those viewed as recognisably non-native Asian (for example, white, Euro-American) or native Asian. But they are markedly visible and relevant to diasporic subjects who fit less comfortably within both boundary-enforcing classifications. The figure of the diasporic anthropologist reveals presumed racialised and gendered markers of difference—chiefly the unmarked but organising role of whiteness—conveniently subsumed under categories of ‘the West’ and ‘Asia’. Consequently, recent calls for ‘global anthropology’ against ‘Euro-American academic hegemony’ that fail to address this essentialising tendency, although important, remain inadequate.