约旦社会保障制度改革及其启示

和世界上大多数国家一样,约旦也面临着越来越严重的人口老龄化问题。为此,约旦政府在社会保障领域实施了三项重要的改革措施。一是参数式改革,即不改变现有制度的性质,只是调整具体的参数;二是整合碎片化制度改革,把公务员和军事人员纳入全国统一的社保制度中来;三是未雨绸缪,积极开展公共预筹积累制改革,融资模式由现收现付制逐步过渡到部分积累制,不断完善投资管理体制。这三项改革不仅符合世界银行提倡的改革模式,而且这三项改革措施之间的相互配合与协调,有力地推动了约旦社保制度的改革和发展,具有极强的借鉴意义。     

THE ARCHIVE STATE AND THE FEAR OF POLLUTION: FROM THE OPIUM WARS TO FU-MANCHU

This article considers the relationship between the production of a British imperial archive on China and the global politics of empire over the last century and a half. Drawing upon the theoretical work of Bruno Latour, Gayatri Spivak and Thomas Richards,the archive is explored as a coherent set of material practices designed to decode and recode China and other colonized territories. Imagined as an interface between knowledge and the state, the British archive required the establishment of an epistemological network designed to generate knowledge on China. The knowledge so produced was then used to manipulate local scenes and to provide intelligence in ‘the Great Game’, the continuing contest with Russia over domination in Central Asia. Because of its desire for comprehensive knowledge of other peoples and places, the archive also generated its own phantasms, ones which threatened to undermine and destroy empire. This process of self-haunting is explored through the figure of Fu-Manchu, a discernible mutation of epistemological empire, and linked to the cold war which emerged on the Eurasian landmass after 1945.     

Food security, consumption diversification and foreign exchange balances in Indonesia: Results from a multi-commodity simulation

Many countries adopt economic development strategies, within which an important element is the maintenance of low and stable food prices. In Indonesia, this is achieved principally through government subsidies to consumers of imported rice, the total cost of which fluctuates considerably from year to year, depending on world price movements and domestic production performance. Higher and possibly less stable domestic food prices appear inevitable in Indonesia, however, as the spectre of reduced oil revenues increases the government's concern with the cost of its food policy. Results from a stochastic simulation model of the agricultural sector show that the food price risk to which consumers and producers would be exposed in the absence of the stabilizing component of Indonesia's food policy would be considerable, rendering this component an unlikely area for significant change. A viable policy option appears to be the continuance of rice and wheat price stabilization, but with a graduated increase in the relative price of rice, reaching a total of 10% by 1985. Such a policy could result in net self-sufficiency in foreign exchange from staple food trade by 1990 and an improvement in aggregate economic surplus, although the expected decade improvement in food-energy consumption per capita would fall from 10% to 8%.     

新西兰与中国语言政策对比研究及启示

新西兰与中国的国家体制、民族社会语言状况、历史背景有所不同。因此,两国政府在不同历史时期采用不同的语言政策。新西兰征服土著居民毛利人之后,曾经对毛利人实行民族同化政策。此后,政府改用一体化政策,目的在于使英国人的语言文化与毛利人的语言文化相结合。中国政府根据自己的国情,帮助尚无文字的少数民族创立文字,帮助文字尚不完备的少数民族逐渐充实其文字,并且推广普通话。从社会语言学的观点来看,两国政府采用不同的语言政策对国家的稳定起着非常重要的作用。     

FROM THE CRADLE TO THE GRAVE: AUSTRO-MARXISM AND CULTURAL STUDIES

The political theory and practice of Austro-Marxism provided an understanding of culture as an area of political conflict and as a class-based way of life. As a cultural and educational movement, Austro-Marxism defined the framework for transdisciplinary extramural cultural studies. An Austro-Marxist cluster defined by a number of scholars associated by political orientation and an alternative form of academic institutionalization emerged in interwar Vienna. This cluster disagreed with the paternalistic claim of leading representatives of the SDAP. Nevertheless, the SDAP defined the pluralistic framework for the formation of Austrian cultural studies. Socialist-oriented scholars such as Otto Neurath, Edgar Zilsel, Paul Lazarsfeld and Marie Jahoda developed a materialistic idea of culture focused on the social conditions of cultural practices. Furthermore, they provided a profound understanding of mass culture and popular culture.     

简论郭沫若与蜀学传统(上)

文章描述了蜀学发展的基本线索,自西汉始是指儒学在蜀地的传播,北宋以"苏学"为代表形成学术特色,晚清成为经学研究的中心,"重文史"和"崇实学"是两大鲜明特征。在此基础上,结合郭沫若的所受教育、性格养成、思维方式等,分析了蜀学文化传统对郭氏的深刻影响。     

An ‘action‐poor’ human rights education: a critical review of the development of human rights education in the context of civic education in Hong Kong

In Hong Kong, human rights education (HRE) is considered an aspect of civic education. For decades, HRE has been poorly attended. In 2009, a new compulsory subject, Liberal Studies, where HRE can be infused, will be introduced to senior secondary students (15–18 years old). This article reviews the development of HRE within civic education, followed by the analysis of Liberal Studies documents with reference to international human rights documents. It is concluded that Liberal Studies can be used as a vehicle for HRE. The aims and pedagogy proposed are similar to those adopted by HRE. International standards of human rights can be incorporated in the content. However, the HRE derived from Liberal Studies is a form of ‘action‐poor HRE’. Whether this ‘action‐ poor HRE’ can adequately cultivate a universal human rights culture is an issue for further research.     

The foundations of econometrics-are there any

The conclusions of alogically consistent economic theory which strictly adheres to Aristotle's axioms of logic are factually true if its sufficient conditions are all factually true. Alternatively, if a conclusion of such a theory is false, then at- least one of its assumptions is false. Unfortunately, the factual truth of sufficient conditions cannot be established because the problem of induction i s impossible t o solve. It is algo true that the falsity of a conclusion cannot be established in the presence of uncertainty. While the philosophy of instrumentalism applied to sufficient and logically consistent explanations may provide useful solutions to immediate practical problems, the principles of simplicity, parsimony and profligacy--all of them requiring conditional deductive arguments--are useless as criteria for model choice.     

“创造性叛逆”对描述翻译研究的肯定和背离

随着国际译学界“文化转向”的发生,翻译研究突破了传统的以原著为中心,以文本对照和语言分析为主要任务的规范式研究方法,而将翻译置入特定的文化语境下,从宏观的角度研究译作的社会、历史、文化背景,以及对目的语文化的影响,即描述翻译研究范式。“创造性叛逆”便是顺应这一研究导向,由我国著名比较文学学者谢天振教授最先引进的极富学术价值的研究命题。作为描述翻译研究膝下的产儿,创造性叛逆是如何与描述翻译研究保持和谐一致,又有哪些自身特点暴露了描述翻译研究的缺陷和不足呢？本文以此为突破口,展开分析。     

训诂学与俗文化研究

郭在贻提出研究俗语词为训诂学开辟了一个新领域,但对现在的俗语词没有提及.训诂学不应局限在俗语词方面,还应扩大到俗文化范围,从研究古书走向俗文化研究,对人们喜闻乐见的俗文化现象进行研究,揭示其所以然及俗误.训诂学对周易预测算命、取名、方俗语研究、英语教学、新词揭源、地方文化研究及数字化电子文献的整理校勘等都有重要作用.