自我分化和早期不良图式的关系

探究了家庭治疗理论中的自我分化概念和图式理论中的早期不良图式概念的关系。研究显示:早期不良图式总体上能够对自我分化进行有效的反向预测,其中对伤害或疾病的易感性,抛弃/不稳定,苛刻标准,情感剥夺图式可以对自我分化反向预测。在情绪反应方面,抛弃、苛刻标准、自控不足、情感剥夺和服从图式能够预测。在自我位置维度上,对疾病和伤害的易感性,特权感,服从和情感剥夺图式能够预测。在情感隔离维度上,对疾病和伤害的易感性、情感剥夺、特权感有预测效应。在人际融合维度上,苛刻标准、抛弃图式有预测效应。这些结果也进一步说明早期不良图式会导致个体心理发展受阻。     

Characterizing optimality among three-decision procedures for directional conclusions

Jones and Tukey (2000) proposed three-decision procedures for directional conclusions in statistical inference, considered as an alternative to the conventional usage of one- and two-tailed significance testing. Moreover, implicit in their suggestions was to consider a procedure to be optimal in case indefinite results were minimized among all procedures with a given control of error. First, we argue by example that this characterization of optimality is not very fruitful when formalized into the strong sense of uniform minimization. Next, imposing a further regularity condition on the comparative class of procedures, we relate the suggested characterization to optimality criteria from test theory (UMP unbiasedness). Similarly, we also consider characterizing optimality in terms of maximizing correct decision rates and minimizing incorrect decision rates. Finally, we demonstrate the applicability of the three considered characterizations with respect to exponential families of distributions.     

Virtual journey coupled with face‐to‐face exchange: enhancing the cultural sensitivity and competence of graduate students

This study attempted to enhance cultural sensitivity for graduate students at an American and a South African university, using a six‐week online List Serv, email buddy exchange, and two‐week face‐to‐face experience. After the course was over, results of the intercultural developmental inventory, using t‐tests for related samples, showed that there was a significant difference (alpha equals .04) in the universalism and cognitive frame shifting clusters as well as the overall developmental cultural level of sensitivity. Positive trends were noted in the areas of cultural self‐identity enhancement, and a decrease in inflation in the area of perceived intercultural sensitivity was noted.     

从对“自我(self)”的认识看中西文化价值观差异

一个民族的价值观与其历史文化和风俗习惯密不可分，并直接体现在人们的思想和日常行为上。本文从人性本质、价值观念、择友态度、人格观、词汇构成等五个方面分析了中西方对“自我（self）”的不同认识，并由此看出中西方价值观的差异，以期提高人们对文化差异的敏感性，更好的进行跨文化交际。     

现行高校英语测试：问题与思考

目前我国有几种大型英语测试，如大学英语四、六级考试，英语专业四、八级考试，公共英语等级考试等，这些考试不可避免地存在一些共同的问题，即：考试制度不合理、信度和效度低、考试题型单一、阅卷评分有误差等。就上述问题提出了几点改革的设想。     

New combinatorial structures with applications to efficient group testing with inhibitors

Group testing with inhibitors (GTI) is a variant of classical group testing where in addition to positive items and negative items, there is a third class of items called inhibitors. In this model the response to a test is YES if and only if the tested group of items contains at least one positive item and no inhibitor. This model of group testing has been introduced by Farach et al. (Proceedings of compression and complexity of sequences, pp 357–367, 1997) for applications in the field of molecular biology. In this paper we investigate the GTI problem both in the case when the exact number of positive items is given, and in the case when the number of positives is not given but we are provided with an upper bound on it. For the latter case, we present a lower bound on the number of tests required to determine the positive items in a completely nonadaptive fashion. Also under the same hypothesis, we derive an improved lower bound on the number of tests required by any algorithm (using any number of stages) for the GTI problem. As far as it concerns the case when the exact number of positives is known, we give an efficient trivial two-stage algorithm. Instrumental to our results are new combinatorial structures introduced in this paper. In particular we introduce generalized versions of the well known superimposed codes (Du, D.Z., Hwang, F.K. in Pooling designs and nonadaptive group testing, 2006; Dyachkov, A.G., Rykov, V.V. in Probl. Control Inf. Theory 12:7–13, 1983; Dyachkov, A.G., et al. in J. Comb. Theory Ser. A 99:195–218, 2002; Kautz, W.H., Singleton, R.R. in IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory 10:363–377, 1964) and selectors (Clementi, A.E.F, et al. in Proceedings of symposium on discrete algorithms, pp. 709–718, 2001; De Bonis, A., et al. in SIAM J Comput. 34(5):1253–1270, 2005; Indyk, P. in Proceedings of symposium on discrete algorithms, pp. 697–704, 2002) that we believe to be of independent interest.     

Estimating the proportion of true null hypotheses, with application to DNA microarray data

Summary.  We consider the problem of estimating the proportion of true null hypotheses, π ₀, in a multiple-hypothesis set-up. The tests are based on observed p -values. We first review published estimators based on the estimator that was suggested by Schweder and Spjøtvoll. Then we derive new estimators based on nonparametric maximum likelihood estimation of the p -value density, restricting to decreasing and convex decreasing densities. The estimators of π ₀ are all derived under the assumption of independent test statistics. Their performance under dependence is investigated in a simulation study. We find that the estimators are relatively robust with respect to the assumption of independence and work well also for test statistics with moderate dependence.     

湖北省城镇地价指数测算研究——以仙桃市地价指数测算为实证分析

本文从地价指数入手,提出城镇地价指数体系、城镇地价指数测算模型,并使用湖北省仙桃市地价资料对模型进行测试。旨在为湖北省地价指数编制和全面建立湖北省土地价格体系提供借鉴,为探讨区域经济与地价指数的关系提供思路。     

论语言测试的信度与放度

This paper dwells on the two important factors--reliability and validity in language testing: explain the concepts of reliability and validity; factors influencing reliability and validity; possible ways to achieve high reliability and validity; comments on the modern language testing tendency on reliability and validity and authors' own ideas.     

对我国大众传播媒介权力规范的思考

随着大众传播媒介的发展,媒介权力现象日益受到人们的关注,我国的媒介权力也被认为存在滥用与异化现象和引导不力、权力弱化等问题,因此必须正确认识我国大众传播媒介权力。在此基础上对媒介权力资源分配与我国现行的媒介管理体制之间的关系进行了具体分析,并结合我国大众传媒的发展现状,提出应当通过有效利用政策效应,对大众传媒实施经济调控,引导媒介权力行使者进行有效的自律,加强媒介素养教育,提高全民理性利用媒介的水平等手段来对我国的媒介权力进行合理的引导与规范,以保证大众传媒的健康良性发展。