Identification of out of control quality characteristics in a multivariate manufacturing environment

There are many instances in which the quality of a product or constancy of a process is determined by the joint levels of several attributes or properties. During the conduct of such a process or the production of such a product, one wishes to detect as quickly as possible any departure from a satisfactory state, while at the same time identifying which attributes are responsible for the deviation. In most cases of practical interest, however, there exist correlations among the several properties of interest; this makes it advisable to monitor certain aggregate characteristics of the process, rather than observing its various components separately. When the mean vector of the quality attributes is the major concern, this aggregate monitoring function is most commonly implemented via a T ² chart. The dependencies among attributes, however, complicate the determination of which are responsible when a deviation occurs. This paper presents an approach to help identify aberrant variables when Shewhart type multivariate control charts based on Hotelling's T ² are in use.     

语境在语言习得过程中的作用

在语言习得过程中,语境因素制约和补充习得者所获取的语言知识.当儿童习得母语时,语境提供语言材料供模仿,并帮助纠正习得过程中的种种误差.在第二语言习得(如汉族人习得英语)过程中,词汇的积累、阅读理解和口头交际等方面都必须依赖具体的语境.     

论知识经济下自创无形资产价值的确认及计量模式

在现行制度和准则中,对无形资产的计价均遵循历史成本原则,即按取得无形资产时所发生的实际成本计价.这一原则对于自创无形资产价值的确认、计量存在诸多不足,这种不足,在知识经济高速发展的今天产生的矛盾愈加突出.本文探讨了自创无形资产的确认及计量模式.     

Reverse Regression,Fairness, and Employment Discrimination

Possible salary discrimination can be studied by comparing mean salaries of, say, males and females, after statistical adjustment for differences in job qualifications. The adjustment is often made by regression, with salary as dependent variable, and job qualifications and sex as independent variables. One might also regress job qualifications on salary and sex, a procedure called reverse regression. Ideas about fairness as well as technical concepts are relevant to discrimination studies. There are two distinct aspects of fairness, one based on comparisons of salary and the other based on comparisons of qualifications. Both concepts are needed to evaluate fairness.     

On screening samples in the laboratory and factors in factorial investigations

Procedures such as group testing and fractional replication can greatly reduce the workload. The former is especially efficient when the presence of a characteristic in samples is low. Fractional replication can greatly reduce the amount of experimentation when some of the parameters associated with a factorial are nonexistent or negligible. Supersaturated fractional replication can be used to efficiently screen factors when it is suspected that they may not affect a process but it is desired to check this suspicion. There are many types of grouping and pooling material in an investigation. Some of these are discussed as are the interrelationships among the above procedures.     

从BT之死审视P2P技术的法律困境

作为第三代P2P技术的代表,BT是带来了很严重的侵权纠纷。文章在分析P2P系统中各方主体的法律地位基础上,认为除了软件提供者外的种子发布者、种子下载者及种子汇集下载网站都有侵权责任,并且基于这些分析提出解决对策,加强立法明确各方责任,引入强制许可制度、技术改进与集体管理制度的结合,以有效解决侵权纠纷。     

Nonparametric repeated significance tests for some analysis of covariance models

For a general class of nonparametric analysis of covariance problems (with stochastic covariates), some repeated significance testing procedures are developed. These procedures rest on the construction of suitable rank order statistics based on the partial sequence of sample sizes and allow for a monitoring of experimentation with the objective of a possible early termination of experimentation. The basic theory is based on the weak convergence of certain stochastic processes relating to the rank order statistics. Various properties of the proposed tests are discussed.     

Risk Comparison of Inequality Constrained Estimators in the Heteroscedastic Linear Model

There exist many studies which treat the inequality and/or interval constraints on coefficients in the homoscedastic linear regression model. However, the sampling performance of the inequality constrained estimators in the heteroscedastic linear model has not been examined. This paper considers the inequality constrained estimators in the heteroscedastic linear regression model and derives their risks under a quadratic loss function. Furthermore, using the inequality constrained estimators, we introduce a pre-test estimator which might be employed after the test for homoscedasticity and derive its risk. In addition, the risk performance of these estimators is evaluated numerically.     

建立适应市场经济的用人制度

目前世界各国有关国家工作人员的任用大体有四种制度,即委任制、聘任制、选任制、考任制.委任制和事实上的终身制都不适应市场经济.改革用人制度,建立适应社会主义市场经济的、竞争性的考任制用人制度势在必行.     

进化论视野中的符号自我

本文简要介绍了近 2 0年来西方进化论观心理学家对符号自我的概念、内容及功能所作的研究。这些研究认为 ,符号自我是一种适应 ,而且由于其高度的适应性意义 ,它还是一种被选择的、仅属于人类的、具有广阔基础的能力。符号自我不仅具有适应功能 ,而且还在人的心理生活中具有重要的作用