国际合作计划生育结合项目对农村公共卫生事业发展的影响

基于对国际合作计划生育结合项目点云南罗平、江川县的实地调研 ,讨论了我国农村初级卫生保健网络的现状 ,认为该结合项目使我国农村初级卫生保健资源得到有效整合 ,是推动农村公共卫生事业发展的重要切入点 ,并对我国农村公共卫生事业的发展产生了深远影响。     

日本护理保险制度对中国城市独生子女家庭养老的启示

通过对日本老年护理保险制度的介绍和特点的阐述,分析了日本老年护理保险制度对中国城市独生子女家庭养老的启示以及可行性。认为日本的老年护理保险制度在缓解老人日常照料困难方面提供了有益的帮助,但是,受中国城市独生子女的居住方式、社会保障制度的不完善、地区经济发展的不平衡等问题的限制,目前在中国城市独生子女家庭中推行护理保险制度还存在一定困难。     

Adolescents' and Parents' Perceptions of Runaway Behavior: Problems and Solutions

This exploratory study examined runaway adolescents' and parents' perceptions about youth and family life and explored reasons youth run away and what could be done that would help them remain home. Comparisons between adolescents' and parents' reports of family functioning demonstrated significant discrepancies. Few parents assumed any responsibility for the runaway behavior or change efforts. More adolescents blamed themselves or cited difficulties in parent–child relationships and offered ideas that entailed altering their attitudes and behaviors or family relationships. The implications of the findings for interventions and future research efforts are explored.     

The contemporary situation and future possibilities for foster care in Bulgaria

This article explores some of the problems connected with building a system of foster care and family placement in Bulgaria. Based on an analysis of the situation of children at risk, especially that of institutionalized children, some directions are presented here, which could help and support the transition to a system of foster care. The short Bulgarian experience in this sphere, which took place first in the early 1940s, and subsequently after the democratic reforms in 1989, has been the starting point of this analysis, and is proof of the responsibility Bulgaria has taken for establishing a sound working system for children's protection.     

Estimating optimal expenditures on family planning in developing economies

This paper develops an analytical model of the effect of family planningexpenditures on per capita income. The perspective is that of constrained optimization: a predetermined level of overall development resources is to be allocated to family planning programs and alternative uses in the form of expansion of the generalized capital stock (plant and machinery, education and training, and social infrastructure). The principal functions of the model are power forms, so that an explicit solution may be obtained for the optimal ratio of family planning expenditures to overall development resources. Important insights into the nature of this policy question are derived from consideration of the formula. In addition, tentative numerical estimates of the optimal ratio are presented for several developing economies. These estimates suggest that quite a substantial proportion of overall development resources should be allocated to family planning programs in most developing nations. The paper is concluded with a brief evaluation of the advantages and disadvantages of the optimization approach to population policy issues.     

试论淝水之战后陈郡谢氏的盛衰

晋太元八年,东晋军队在谢安、谢石及其子侄的指挥下,获得淝水之战的胜利,东晋朝廷转危为安,陈郡谢氏由此成为晋末最显赫的士族之一。但此后经来自东晋政府上层的抑制,来自下层孙恩、卢循起义的打击,更经宋初改朝换代、皇权重振的冲击,短短的几十年时间里,谢氏家族迅速走向衰落。这一段史实从一个侧面反映了晋宋之际士族的衰落及士庶之间权力交替的过程。     

Reduced-hours careers in medicine: A strategy for the professional community and the family

This paper discusses the part-time professional career option, a career alternative thought to promote work-family integration, and asks whether this alternative would increase responsiveness to fluctuations in the demand for professionals. For illustrative purposes, we focus on the current oversupply of physicians in the United States, and discuss: (a) existing strategies to reduce this supply; (b) how current full-time schedules restrict professionals' ability to successfully combine work and family; and (c) the potential consequences of promoting part-time careers for the professional community and for families. Este papel describe la opcion de la carrera profesional tiempo medio, una carrera alternativa que se supone provee la integracion de trabajo y familia y hace la pregunta si esta alternativa aumentaria respuestas a altas y bajas en la demanda de profesionales. Para ilustrar, enfocamos en la actual sobre fuente de medicos en los Estados Unidos y discutimos: (a) estrategias existentes para reducir esta fuente; (b) como horarios de tiempo completo existentes resrictan a profesionales que equivale a la abilidad de positivamente combinar el trabajo y la familia; y (c) las consecuencias potenciales de promover carreras a tiempo medio para la comunidad profesional y sus familiares.     

关于巩固我国农村地区扶贫成果的若干思考

“九五”期间我国农村地区扶贫开发工作取得了历史性的伟大成就。但应看到 ,从脱贫到实现小康和更为富裕的目标 ,仍有相当长的奋斗历程 ,薄弱的经济基础、脆弱的生态环境、不良的人口状况是影响巩固扶贫成果的主要因素。为此 ,必须认定优化人口状况、持续经济增长和实现可持续发展是巩固扶贫成果的基本途径     

Welfare states, family inequality, and equality of opportunity

Why have countries like Sweden, Norway, Denmark been somewhat more successful than others in terms of creating conditions that foster equality of opportunity? I argue that there are two characteristics of the social-democratic welfare state that have played a role, namely lower social and economic inequality and family policies aimed at equalizing conditions for children during their formative years. It is clear, however, that inequality of opportunity remains an important part of the social landscape in these societies. This is because it is difficult if not impossible to equalize the cultural and social capital of families through public policy.     

中国共产党三代领导人的人口思想

人口问题始终是和中国社会发展密切相关的重要问题。中国共产党三代领导人把马克思主义人口理论与中国实际相结合 ,形成了各具特色的人口思想。毛泽东的人口思想经历了一个曲折发展的过程 ,但他成功地启动了中国的计划生育事业。邓小平将人口纳入现代化总体发展战略 ,把计划生育作为国家的基本国策确立下来。江泽民把人口问题提到可持续发展战略的首要位置 ,把我们对人口与计划生育工作的认识提高到一个新水平 ,形成了大人口观念。