试论甘肃穆斯林家庭的人际关系

本文通过家庭内人际关系、家庭角色模式及亲属网络构成的社会资源三个视角,对甘肃穆斯林家庭的人际关系进行了初步的探析。甘肃穆斯林家庭的人际关系是在以个体农业经济或畜牧业经济为基础、以家庭为生活和生产单位的自足自给农牧经济,本民族固有的文化与伊斯兰文化、汉文化的文化整合体制约与影响下形成的。体现了以伊斯兰伦理观念与“孝”为核心的家庭伦理观念;与小农经济和父权家庭相适应的“主从型”和谐共生的家庭关系。     

《敦煌氾氏家传》与先周世系

先周世系,尤其是后稷、不窋的父子世系,自司马迁以降,争讼不清。争讼的焦点,围绕《史记》形成“世后稷”“夏之衰”“失代数”三个中心问题。敦煌遗书S.1889《敦煌氾氏家传》的重见天日,为解决这一争讼提供了极其珍贵的史料。《敦煌氾氏家传》大致为前凉或隋唐初期作品,在时间上比唐代司马贞的《史记索隐》、张守节的《史记正义》都还要早一些,因而更具价值。通过传世文献、敦煌文献考察,认为虽然西周早期可能存在一定的代数阙失,但代数的阙失与后稷、不窋父子世系之间没有必然关系,后稷、不窋之间的父子世系可信性较强,《史记》“后稷卒,子不窋”的说法仍然可靠。     

Pathways of children’s long-term living arrangements: A latent class analysis

This study employed latent class analysis to create children’s family structure trajectories from birth through adolescence using merged mother and child data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (N = 1870). Input variables distinguished between biological fathers and stepfathers as well as mother’s marriages and cohabitations. The best-fitting model revealed five latent trajectories of children’s long-term family structure: continuously married biological parents (55%), long-term single mothers (18%), married biological parents who divorce (12%), a highly unstable trajectory distinguished by gaining at least one stepfather (11%), and cohabiting biological parents who either marry or break up (4%). Multinomial logistic regression indicated that mother’s education, race, teen birth status, and family of origin characteristics were important predictors of the long-term family trajectories in which their children grew up. These findings suggest that latent class analysis is a valuable statistical tool for understanding children’s complete family structure experiences.     

Family structure and adolescent alcohol use problems: Extending popular explanations to American Indians

Competing explanations of the relationship between family structure and alcohol use problems are examined using a sample of American Indian adolescents from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health. Living in a single-parent family is found to be a marker for the unequal distribution of stress exposure and parental alcohol use, but the effects of other family structures like non-parent families and the presence of under 21-year-old extended family or non-family members emerge or remain as risk or protective factors for alcohol use problems after a consideration of SES, family processes, peer socialization, and social stress. In particular, a non-parent family structure that has not been considered in prior research emerged as a protective family structure for American Indian adolescent alcohol use problems.     

From Defamilialization to Degenderization: Toward a New Welfare Typology1

This article discusses the debate on gendering welfare states. It criticizes typologies based on the differentiation between degrees of familialization and defamilialization and proposes a new typology based on the notion of genderization and degenderization. It also argues against the notion of regime types, which includes outputs in their classification systems. Instead it argues that typologies should concentrate on policies to make it possible for researchers and policymakers to analyze the influence of different types of policies on different societies. It is important to know whether similar policies would lead to different outcomes under different socio‐economic or cultural conditions. The article goes on to show how one could analyze family policies based on a typology based on genderization and degenderization.     

We Don't Need Your Help,But Will You Please Fix Our Children

A Bowen Family Systems therapist employs concepts of triangles and the family projection process to view a child's symptoms as embedded in the broader family patterns. This article will examine the dynamics of two family therapy cases where parents anxiously asked for their children's symptoms to be fixed. These cases will be used to explore the common presentation in child and adolescent mental health, where the parents are concerned for their children but are also keen not to open their own ‘can of worms’. The presenting problem in the first case was violent hostility between adolescent sisters and in the second case was an adolescent's anorexia. Drawing on client feedback, I reflect on the therapy process behind the divergent outcomes. In case one, the parents were willing to address their own troubled relationship and family of origin, while in case two, the parents discontinued therapy when family of origin dynamics began to be explored. The article suggests how the therapist can evoke parents' curiosity about their role in anxious family patterns, without them feeling blamed.     

Social and Family Policies in Italy: Not Totally Frozen but Far from Structural Reforms

This article analyses the main shifts in the political and public discourse about families, children, elderly people, care needs and women‐friendly policies in Italy over the last two decades. It shows that while family and gender relationships have become an ideologically highly charged public issue, policies at the practical level have remained largely stagnant, marginal and fragmentary. At the same time, important institutional changes (such as the constitutional reform of 2001, which introduced a form of federalism) have created new problems of governance. The authors argue that in the face of inadequate policies, the recourse of individuals and families to old (family solidarity) and new (migrant labour) solutions may cause new tensions and inequalities.     

唐代西北地区农民群体的生活世界

唐代西北地区的敦煌、吐鲁番等地是丝绸之路的要道,也是唐代北方干旱区农业文明的重要区域。这一区域农民群体的物质生活、精神信仰和劳作之余的生活空间,是唐代社会生活的一个缩影,代表了唐代北方特别是西北地区社会生活的常态。通过对这一区域农民群体的社会生活的考察,可见唐代社会生活的基本风貌及农民群体的区域生活特色。     

Women in Business-owning Families: a Comparison of Roles,Responsibilities and Predictors of Family Functionality

The purpose of this study is to compare groups of women associated with family businesses and ascertain predictors of functionality. The sample consisted of 589 women divided into five groups based on their roles in the business. Of interest were various combinations of work at home, in the family business, and outside the business and how multiple roles affect the family. The women varied on several characteristics with female business managers less likely to be married than other women and generally operating smaller businesses. The women were not significantly different on levels of family functioning. Family goal success, satisfaction with business role, and being married were positive significant predictors of family functionality. Higher levels of household tension were negatively associated with family functionality. Family therapists and family business consultants must be cognizant of the multiple role responsibilities of women associated with a family firm.     

Parenting With Style: Altruism and Paternalism in Intergenerational Preference Transmission

We develop a theory of parent‐child relations that rationalizes the choice between alternative parenting styles (as set out in Baumrind, 1967). Parents maximize an objective function that combines Beckerian altruism and paternalism towards children. They can affect their children's choices via two channels: either by influencing children's preferences or by imposing direct restrictions on their choice sets. Different parenting styles (authoritarian, authoritative, and permissive) emerge as equilibrium outcomes and are affected both by parental preferences and by the socioeconomic environment. Parenting style, in turn, feeds back into the children's welfare and economic success. The theory is consistent with the decline of authoritarian parenting observed in industrialized countries and with the greater prevalence of more permissive parenting in countries characterized by low inequality.