司马光《书仪》与《朱子家礼》之比较

北宋司马光所编的《书仪》和南宋朱熹的草就稿《朱子家礼》,是对后世影响较大的两部居家礼仪规范著作。在礼仪环节上,后者继承前者,却要简省得多。在思想性上,两者都注重继承传统,又与时通变,树立符合时代需要和民俗风情的治家礼仪规范。     

The consequences of love: young people and family practices in difficult circumstances

In recent years, there has been a resurgence of sociological work exploring the importance and meaning of kinship. Much of this work has criticized the ‘individualization’ thesis according to which changes in family structures over time have been interpreted as reflecting a fundamental decline in family values. Highlighting continuities as well as change in family life, this work has also suggested ways to move beyond the individualization debate and to develop alternative frameworks for the study of contemporary families and personal life, notably through the analysis of related practices. For various reasons, this recent work has focused primarily on the experience and practices of adults in ‘ordinary’ rather than more difficult family circumstances. This article aims to complement this work by focusing on the difficult family experiences of young people affected by parental substance use. It is argued that it is important not to lose sight of such experiences in order that sociological thinking reflect the diversity of family practices and the resources available to support them, including at younger ages. In addition, the importance of developing concepts or a language facilitating the exploration and communication of the emotional and symbolic significance of these practices is emphasized.     

家庭社会资本对大学生农村就业意愿的影响

家庭是影响大学生农村就业的一个重要因素,因而家庭社会资本与大学生农村就业行为有密切的关系。家庭社会资本对大学生去农村的就业意愿、最低工资价位和职业选择的影响显著。母亲的受教育程度、家庭年收入越高,大学生去农村的就业意愿越高,大学生去农村的最低心理工资价位越高;父母的受教育程度越高,大学生去农村更愿意选择从政。     

不同家庭经济背景大学生择校差异研究

家庭经济背景影响子女进入不同类型的高校,在收费较高的各类民办高校学生中,来自中、高收入家庭子女的比例较高。通过对大学新生的调查发现,不同家庭经济背景的学生对所读高校的满意度并无显著差异;与此同时,无关家庭经济背景,就业前景成为学生择校时的最重要影响因素。作为一种有目的性的社会行动,不同家庭经济背景子女的高校选择过程是个体主观理性选择的结果,是个体出于自身条件、资源的不同及需求和偏好的不同所作出的最符合自身利益的选择,具有充分的理性和实践逻辑。     

家庭环境对大学生社会主义核心价值体系认同的影响

家庭教育环境与大学生对社会主义核心价值体系的社会认同之间存在一定的内在逻辑。调查表明,大学生对社会主义核心价值体系的认知度、认同度和践行度均呈现出“中度偏高”的特征,且相互之间呈正相关。在影响大学生对社会主义核心价值体系的社会认同的一系列家庭教育环境因素中,家庭指导性因子与社会主义核心价值体系的认知度和践行度呈显著的正相关,家庭利他性因子与社会主义核心价值体系的认同度和践行度呈显著的正相关,家庭道德性因子对社会主义价值体系的认同度施加着显著的正向影响．家庭自由性因子则与对社会主义价值体系的践行度呈显著的负相关。     

Adolescent Health in Hong Kong: Disturbing Socio-Demographic Correlates

Relationships between self-assessed health status and socio-demographic variables were examined among 4,502 Chinese adolescent secondary school students in Hong Kong, a modern society with traditional Chinese ethno-cultural origin. Health status was self-rated in four aspects: overall health, physical health, mental health, and health effects on usual activities. In both the bivariate and multivariate analyses, there was health advantage for adolescent males relative to females, and there were inverse relationships between health level and age/level of study, in all four health aspects. Family structure was an important risk factor for all health aspects. Two-parent family was associated with significantly higher health levels than those living with father only, or with no parent/single parent and other adults, but not those living with mother only. Mainland-born adolescents had higher risks of low health level than the local-born in the aspect of overall health status. Finally economically well-being was associated with lower level of mental health.     

Work-Family Conflict and Working Conditions in Western Europe

This article explores the influence of working conditions on work-family conflict (WFC) among married/cohabiting employees across seven European countries. Using data from the European Social Survey, the paper first investigates the role of working conditions relative to household level characteristics in mediating work-family conflict at the individual level. It then considers whether perceived conflict is lower in countries with coordinated production regimes and where social policy is more supportive of combining paid work and care demands. For men the lowest rates of WFC occurred in Denmark, Sweden and Norway, so for men there was a distinct ‘Nordic’ effect consistent with the welfare and production regime expectations. For women, we find paradoxically that ‘raw’ levels of work-family conflict are particularly high in France, Denmark and Sweden where supports for reconciling work and family life are high. Our models show that the high conflict among French women can be explained by household composition factors and so is due to higher levels of family pressures. Higher levels of conflict among Danish and Swedish women appear to be associated with their longer hours of work. Work conditions are found to play a larger role than family characteristics in accounting for work-family conflict, both in the country level models and in the pooled models. While this partly reflects our focus on the spillover of work into family life, it is notable that family characteristics have little effect in mediating work pressures. The results suggest that a policy emphasis on improving work conditions is likely to have major leverage in reducing work-family conflict.

Which factors explain the decline in infant and child mortality in Matlab,Bangladesh?

Infant and child mortality rates have decreased substantially in Matlab, Bangladesh, as they have in many developing areas. We use data from the Matlab Demographic Surveillance System on nearly 94,000 singleton live births that occurred between 1987 and 2002 to investigate the extent to which the change in mortality over this period can be explained by changes in reproductive patterns and socio-economic characteristics. We estimate Cox proportional hazards models for four subperiods of infancy and childhood. Changes over time in reproductive patterns (maternal age, parity, and pregnancy spacing) and in the socio-economic characteristics we consider (e.g. maternal education, SES) explain between 10 and 40% of the decline in mortality rates. Changes in maternal education explain the largest portion of the reduction in infant and child mortality over time that we are able to explain, followed by reductions in the incidence of short interpregnancy intervals. In the other direction, decreases in fertility over time led to increases in the proportion of births that were first births, putting upward pressure on mortality.

社会变迁中的已婚东乡族女教师工作家庭冲突研究

本文通过对四位不同年龄、教龄、学校类型的东乡族女教师的田野调查,呈现了她们在面对急剧的社会转型与文化变迁,面对历经传统积淀、伊斯兰文化氛围浓厚、封闭性较强的社会环境时,在职业与家庭角色转换中所遇到的冲突、压力及应对策略.     

Family connectedness,school attachment,peer influence and health-compromising behaviours among young Vietnamese males

Vietnamese males have one of the highest rates of smoking and alcohol consumption in the world. Research on the role of social and family resources in promoting healthy behaviours among Vietnamese youth is very limited. We examine the proposition that family support, attachment to school and peer influence are strongly associated with cigarette use, alcohol consumption and violence among Vietnamese youth. We used data from a nationally representative survey of males aged 14–25 years in 2009 (N?=?4705). Three measures of social and family resources and three indicators of health-compromising behaviours were used. Multinomial and logistic regression models were employed to examine the relationships. The regression results showed that a positive and cohesive family environment and attachment to school reduced the odds of smoking, alcohol consumption and violence. However, peer pressure had the opposite effect of increasing the odds. Higher socio-economic status was associated with lower odds of smoking, but higher odds of alcohol consumption among those at school. Excessive alcohol consumption increased the odds of violence by over three times. We conclude that positive and supportive environments within family, at school and among peers can discourage smoking, alcohol consumption and violence among Vietnamese youth.