从“兴复汉室”到夺取凉州——诸葛亮“北伐”新论

诸葛亮为“兴复汉室”而进行的北伐，因形势的变化和实力的悬殊，注定不能成功。诸葛亮之所以坚持北伐，是因为北伐的目的，除了实现“兴复汉室”的目标外，还有一个比较现实的低级目标即夺取凉州，借以增大蜀国的疆域和国力。     

从农民外出打工看苗族家庭生活变迁

对小茅坡营苗族社区调查资料的理论分析发现,苗族农民外出打工,一方面有助于改变苗族家庭生活的封闭心理和提高异质性程度,另一方面带来了家庭成员情感关系的微妙变化和权威结构的逐步转换.这一变化,预示着苗区现代性的增长.     

关于计划生育经费管理体制改革的思考

我国目前计划生育经费投入、管理与使用过程中存在以下问题 :基层计划生育经费缺乏长期稳定充足的来源 ;乱收费或用计划生育经费投资经商办企业。对计划生育现行的管理体制必须进行大胆改革 :计划生育费应实行社会统筹 ;基层计划生育工作人员应作调整与充实 ;计划外生育费应继续推行“乡收县管、财政监督”加强监督计划生育经费的投入 ;出台统一计划生育服务费标准     

Couple and Familial Characteristics of Father-Child Incest Families

Couple and familial characteristics of father-child incest families are often described in the sexual abuse clinical and theoretical literature. However, few of these ideas have been tested empirically, and the limited research on the systemic functioning of incest families has resulted in contradictory findings. Results from a study describing couple and family system characteristics of 54 father-child incest families are reported. Both mothers and father perpetrators in the families were assessed. Findings from this study indicate that when compared to normative scores parents in incest families report greater than average social isolation, higher levels of family control and moral-religious emphasis, and lower emphasis on personal independence and individuation. Support was not found for an enmeshed level of family cohesion, as is often reported in the clinical literature. Nearly one-half of the couples reported clinically significant relationship distress and high levels of desired behavior change by their partner. Over one-half of the couples also reported substantial sexual discord in their relationships. The clinical and research implications of the findings are discussed.     

Older People's Family Contacts and Long-term Care Expenditure in OECD Countries: A Comparative Approach Using Qualitative Comparative Analysis

In recent decades there has been a suggestion that public and private long-term care (LTC) expenditure might be replacing traditional family care for older people. The decline of family contact is known to be more advanced in some OECD countries than others, with southern Europe identified as where family contact is still strong. This article explores at a country level whether there is an association between levels of expenditure on long-term care and the availability of family contacts. Qualitative Comparative Analysis is used as a comparative method, so as to use national quantitative indicators with a small sample of countries. An association between higher levels of family contact and lower levels of expenditure on LTC is suggested, but it is weakened by a number of untypical cases. Countries that defy this relationship have government care policies that seek to promote informal social care through the family contact that continues to be available. Austria, Canada, Great Britain and Japan are discussed in this context.     

基于均等比的儿童贫困研究

均等比旨在更真实地反映不同家庭的需求支出情况,调整不同结构、不同规模家庭的收入差异。对我国数据的分析发现,不同均等比下测得的儿童贫困数值不同。我国儿童相对贫困情况较为严峻,区域和城乡间差异不明显;但绝对贫困情况在城乡之间、区域之间存在差异。应该在我国儿童贫困问题研究中引入均等比的概念,科学测度儿童贫困水平。     

香妃魂魄归何处

一二百年来,香妃这个传奇人物流传着两种版本,其一是根据大量史实以及陵墓出土遗骸,翔实地考证了香妃(宫中敕封"客妃")的生平,作为维吾尔族女子,深居清官28年,生活习俗备受尊重,墓中残留下"奉安拉之名"的<古兰经>文碎片,表明她的穆斯林身份.最可贵的是她所属"和卓氏"家族反对民族分裂,维护祖国统一,作出有力贡献,成为促进...     

A Comparison of the Effectiveness of Various Approaches to Visiting Isolated Community Elderly

Two studies were conducted evaluating the effectiveness of friendly visitor programs in increasing clients' life satisfaction. Study 1 found no difference between face-to-face visiting, phone visiting, and a no treatment control on client life satisfaction. Study 2 found a marginally significant difference in favor of a personal history approach over a companionship approach to visiting in increasing client life satisfaction. Clients' living situation (alone or with others) had no effect on changes in life satisfaction in Study 1. However, in Study 2 clients who lived with someone increased their life satisfaction more than clients who lived alone.     

Juvenile Delinquency in Search of a Practice Model: Family Health,Differential Association,and Social Control

ABSTRACT

Historically, practice research on juvenile delinquency has often been guided by the theories of differential association and social control. However, current research indicates that no matter what theory of delinquency is pursued, it has had little effect on decreasing juvenile arrest and violent crime rates. This article will explore the dynamics of the theories of differential association and social control in relation to juvenile delinquency. These linear, normative, and deficit-based theories are then contrasted with family health practice, an alternative theory and intervention model which focuses on the multiple forms and needs of families and their strengths. Specific family health practice principles and interventions are suggested for practice with families in which juvenile delinquency occurs. Finally, a case example utilizing family health interventions is presented.     

The Composite Biography as a Methodological Tool for the Study of Childhood in History

This article presents a composite biography of an orphaned girl and her mother in Medieval London. Though the mother was sound in mind and body, she had no control over her daughters inheritance and place of residence. In addition, her underage daughter was married without her consent. The composite biography can bring to life the otherwise dry renditions of families experiences that are present in court records and other historical documents.