Antenatal care utilisation among Syrian refugees in Tehran: A respondent driven sampling method

AimTo assess the antenatal care utilisation among Syrian refugees in Tehran.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was performed in 2016 in Tehran. As the refugees live in the city, we used Respondent Driven Sampling method for finding participants. Data were collected from interviews by a newly graduated Syrian general practitioner.FindingsIn total, 231 women participated in the study. The mean (standard deviation) number of antenatal care visits was 3.73 (1.41) and 131(56.7%) women received at least four visits. The mean (standard deviation) number of antenatal care visits was higher among women with four or more living children compared with those with four or more: 3.47 (1.35); 95% confidence interval 3.28 to 3.66 vs. 2.82 (1.64); 95% confidence interval 2.25 to 3.40, p = 0.01. The mean (standard deviation) number of antenatal care visits was higher among women whose spouses had academic degrees compared with those with lower education: 4.13 (1.37); 95% confidence interval 3.86–4.40 vs. 3.28 (1.31); 95% confidence interval 3.05–3.52, p < 0.001.ConclusionsAntenatal care utilisation of Syrian women in Tehran complied with neither national guidelines of Iran nor the recommendations of World Health Organization. However, antenatal care utilisation of Syrian women in Tehran was higher than the main destinations of Syrian refugees. Syrian women kept their own cultural behaviour in terms of antenatal care utilisation.     

基于人工神经网络的在线设备状态监测系统的研究(英文)

研究了基于人工神经网络在线设备状态监测系统,简要介绍了人工神经网络的基础理论,描述了基于人工神经网络在线设备状态监测系的结构和工作过程,给出该系统对卷烟机MK9-5的状态监测和故障诊断的结果。实验结果表明,将多层前馈人工种经网络用于设备在线状态监测具有较好的效果,并可对设备故障进行可靠诊断。     

Implants and ethnocide: learning from the cochlear implant controversy

This paper uses the fictional case of the ‘Babel fish’ to explore and illustrate the issues involved in the controversy about the use of cochlear implants in prelinguistically deaf children. Analysis of this controversy suggests that the development of genetic tests for deafness poses a serious threat to the continued flourishing of Deaf culture. I argue that the relationships between Deaf and hearing cultures that are revealed and constructed in debates about genetic testing are themselves deserving of ethical evaluation. Making good policy about genetic testing for deafness will require addressing questions in political philosophy and anthropology about the value of culture and also thinking hard about what sorts of experiences and achievements make a human life worthwhile.     

老年妇女急性下腹疼痛性疾病的超声诊断价值

目的探讨超声对老年妇女急性下腹疼痛性疾病的诊断价值。方法对经手术及临床随访证实60例老年妇女急性下腹疼痛性疾病的超声诊断进行回顾性分析。结果60例老年妇女急性下腹疼痛性疾病最终诊断分别为:女性生殖系统疾病10例,超声诊断符合率为90%,泌尿系统疾病15例,超声诊断符合率为93.3%,消化系统疾病34例,超声诊断符合率为76.5%,左侧髂窝脓肿1例,超声诊断符合率为100%。结论超声对老年妇女急性下腹疼痛性疾病的诊断和鉴别诊断中起着重要的作用。     

怒江大峡谷区域旅游业发展问题诊断

作者探讨了怒江大峡谷旅游开发现状中所呈现的问题,认为旅游资源在质和空间分布上所存在的局限性是制约怒江大峡谷旅游业发展最根本的问题。在此立论基础上,针对怒江大峡谷旅游业发展的问题现状,提出相应的解决措施。     

基于三维评价的区域发展决策方法研究

从二维评价指标规范化变换方法分析切入,通过对比三维、二维评价决策矩阵,认为三维评价指标变换必须保证不同时间截面间、不同对象时间序列间具可比性,即必须建立统一的时空参照标准,提出了概率标度法指标变换方法。基于指标变权观点,提出经不同对象、不同时间权变灵敏分析的公因子方差法的指标变权法赋权。提出从三维评价切入,通过基于数据的区域不平衡发展时空格局驱动因素诊断,进行优化调控的区域发展决策方法。以设区市粒度的福建省经济竞争力的时空格局因素诊断与调控为案例,说明方法的应用。     

Improved adaptive group testing algorithms with applications to multiple access channels and dead sensor diagnosis

We study group-testing algorithms for resolving broadcast conflicts on a multiple access channel (MAC) and for identifying the dead sensors in a mobile ad hoc wireless network. In group-testing algorithms, we are asked to identify all the defective items in a set of items when we can test arbitrary subsets of items. In the standard group-testing problem, the result of a test is binary—the tested subset either contains defective items or not. In the more generalized versions we study in this paper, the result of each test is non-binary. For example, it may indicate whether the number of defective items contained in the tested subset is zero, one, or at least two. We give adaptive algorithms that are provably more efficient than previous group testing algorithms. We also show how our algorithms can be applied to solve conflict resolution on a MAC and dead sensor diagnosis. Dead sensor diagnosis poses an interesting challenge compared to MAC resolution, because dead sensors are not locally detectable, nor are they themselves active participants. A preliminary version of this paper was presented at SPAA 2006.     

A Knowledge Based System for Assisting in Differential Diagnosis of Chemically Dependent/Mentally Ill Patients

Summary

This paper discusses the use of Knowledge Base 2.1, a computer program that administers a response dependent, structured interview to evaluate the presence of psychiatric disorders within the chemical dependency treatment setting. The writer reviews the problems commonly encountered when conducting clinical interviews, psychometric examinations and differentially diagnosing psychiatric disorders within this special population. Knowledge Base 2.1 utilizes combined computer techniques of rule driven logic, pattern matching, and an original algorithm that accomplishes a “real time retandardization” of the complete database. With each administration, standardization is implemented in an effort to adequately consider the effects of chemical dependency on psychological test performance and normative information regarding symptoms. Knowledge Base 2.1 also functions as a research tool inasmuch as all patient responses to this structured interview are permanently stored in computer files for ongoing analysis.     

Three Squares a Day

In contrast to previous research on the Civilian Conservation Corps (1933-1942), which has focused on policy developments in Washington, the present study looks at young men in the CCC camps across the country. Incorporating a variety of data sources and applying social science methodology to historical data, the study finds that two camp variables, food and living conditions, were the variables most associated with enrollee satisfaction in the CCC. An "emergent" variable in the study, employment opportunities, also played an important role; enrollees tended to leave the CCC when other jobs were available. Taken together, the two camp variables and the employment variable combine into a theme of basic needs-food, shelter, and jobs. A common phrase during the 1930s, "three squares a day," perhaps best captures this group of variables. Two geographical variables, urban vs. rural background and distance from home, also influenced enrollee satisfaction. Urban enrollees and enrollees a great distance from home responded less positively. Two enrollee demographic variables, age and race, were not significantly associated with enrollee response. Possible implications of the CCC experience for modern youth employment programs seem to be: (I) address fundamental needs of young people which, in the 1980s, may be education and employment: (2) keep programs close to home, urban or rural; and (3) do not overemphasize individual characteristics; program design is probably more important.     

月经失调的检查与治疗

月经是女性生殖功能成熟的标志之一,也是妇女健康状况的重要标志之一。月经失调既可以是下丘脑──垂体──卵巢轴功能障碍的表现,也可以是全身功能状态异常的反映。诊断时应详细了解病史,结合B超、诊断性刮宫等检查方法。青春期功血以调整月经周期和促进排卵为主;更年期功血以调整月经周期和手术治疗为主。