Family Factors,Theft, Vandalism,and Major Deviance Among a Multiracial/Multiethnic Sample of Adolescent Girls

This article reports on a study of 503 African-American, Hispanic, and White non-Hispanic adolescent girls attending public schools in Miami, Florida. The primary objectives of the study were to determine the prevalence of 13 self-reported delinquent behaviors in the sample, to compare these rates among the three groups of students, and to explore the predictive influences of several family factors that correlate with delinquency. It was found that 37.5% of the sample engaged in one or more acts of serious delinquency, with African-Americans reporting they had engaged in significantly more of these behaviors. The best predictors of theft/vandalism were low family pride and family substance abuse for Hispanics, low family communication for African-Americans, and low family pride for White non-Hispanics. The findings indicate that traditional family factors that have been used repeatedly to understand delinquency by male adolescents were not strong predictors of delinquency among the adolescent girls in the sample.     

Influences on Adolescent African American Females' Global Self-Esteem

Abstract

This study of 105 senior high school Southern African American adolescent females examined the relationship between global self-esteem, appearance evaluation (body image), and ethnic identity. As predicted, the relationship between global self-esteem, appearance evaluation (r = .46, p < .001), and ethnic identity (r = 40, p < .001) were significant and positive. The young women who rated their self-esteem high also scored high on the appearance evaluation (63%) and ethnic identity achievement measures. Therefore, these young women are expected to spend more time on self-enhancing behaviors and less time on self-limiting behaviors (early sexual involvement, drugs, etc.).     

人口因素如何影响中国未来经济增长

中国过去一直保持10％的经济增长速度,2010年以来人口红利消失后,潜在经济增长率马上降下来。如果我们不接受经济增长速度下降的事实,同时国际上还有强劲需求,那么我们很可能还继续保持很高的增长速度,而导致实际增长率与潜在增长率相偏离。但是欧美金融危机和主权债务危机使得国际需求下降,这反而给我们一个进行速度调整的机会,换句话说就是我国被迫接受调整。这是促进我国经济健康发展的一个意外之喜。因此,不应该通过拉动需求来使经济发展超越潜在增长率,但这并不意味着潜在增长率不可以提高。在人口红利消失、劳动力成本提高的背景下,可以通过提高劳动力供给和提高劳动生产率来提高潜在经济增长率。     

Preventing Economic Hardship Among Chinese Elderly in Hong Kong

Abstract

Over the next 20 years, Hong Kong will face a rapidly aging population as the number of older adults aged 65 or above increases to approximately 1.4 million by 2021, that is, 17% of the total population. In 2001, there were 1.2 million adults aged 45-59. To assess the differences between these middle-aged adults and the current cohort of older adults, we identified the challenges that Hong Kong society will face in meeting the financial needs of older adults in the coming two decades. In this paper, we examine the retirement economic status of three groups of older adults: those who are financially independent, those who are financially supported by their adult children or children-in-law, and those who are receiving welfare assistance. We describe the current situations of these groups, prevailing social policy, future trends, and recommend policies for tackling problem areas.     

Measuring Support Provisions for People Living With Disabilities in South Asia: An Accessibility Index

ABSTRACT

The terms “empowerment,” “rights,” and “inclusiveness” are now commonly used in public policy, but little emphasis is placed on “accessibility” issues in the integration of disabled people. This article proposes a composite index to measure economic support provisions, such as employment, vocational training, microfinance, and safety nets. The index was tested in a case study (N= 245) of two districts in Pakistan. Results support a “cost/benefit”-based philosophy, rather than the “means–ends” goal, where the disabled poor are viewed as unproductive and risky payers, instead of giving them an opportunity to exercise their potential. Change for the disadvantaged poor can be brought about with the mandatory use of this index in local annual audits. Future research might examine the impact of the index and standardize it for global use.     

Event history modeling of world fertility survey data∗

Event history analysis seems ideally suited for the analysis of World Fertility Survey, WFS, data, which consists of full birth histories and related information, but it has not been much used for this purpose. This may be because event history analysis has practical drawbacks for WFS data, namely partial dates, computational burden, the need to take account of five clocks at once and the difficulty of interpreting coefficients.

We propose a modeling strategy for the event history analysis of WFS data which overcomes these problems, and we apply it to the previously unanalyzed WFS data from Iran. This yields estimates of the time of onset of fertility decline and the extent to which it was due to compositional changes in the population. It also enables us to determine whether it was a period effect, a cohort effect, or both. These results would have been hard to obtain using other approaches. In addition, the usefulness of ACE as an exploratory tool for determining the best coding of independent variables is illustrated.     

高龄失能老人照顾者精神健康状况研究：基于性别分析视角

关于影响高龄失能老人照顾者精神健康因素的解释。基于“压力-应对”模型,强调照顾者的精神健康受到照顾压力的影响,而在此框架下,照顾者的性别差异议题受到较少关注,本文试图解释高龄失能老人照顾者的性别角色存在何种差异,并如何对其进行有效干预。本文运用问卷调查数据予以检定,结果表明,男性和女性照顾者相比较,女性照顾者的抑郁程度高于男性照顾者,对健康状况的自我评价也低于男性照顾者。在照顾压力和社会支持方面。男性和女性照顾者存在性别差异．而在孝道文化方面则未呈现明显的性别差异。本研究基本上肯定了照顾者的性别差异,对于女性照顾者而言,社会工作者应在临床上促进其正向体验并减轻照顾负担,及早处理她们的问题。     

家庭规模、技术进步与农业经济增长——基于省际面板数据的分析

计划生育政策的长期实施推动了农村家庭规模的小型化趋势.在农村人口大量向城市转移的背景下,家庭规模的小型化诱致了劳动节约型的技术进步,农村劳动力供给结构与需求的偏差导致了资本对劳动的强制性替代.两类存在一定差异的替代行为共同推动了农业生产效率的快速提升,加快传统农业向现代农业的转型步伐,促进了农业经济增长.     

西部民族自治地区人口年龄结构变化对居民消费的影响研究——基于动态面板数据模型的实证分析

本文以生命周期假说为基础,运用动态面板数据GMM估计方法,对我国西部民族自治地区人15／年龄结构与居民消费的关系进行了实证考察。发现老年抚养系数和少儿抚养系数均与居民消费率显著正相关。结果还发现这些地区居民消费习惯较为稳定。控制了影响居民消费的其他因素后,本文的结果基本稳健。     

中原经济区建设中钢结构产业的机遇与挑战

在阐述中原经济区建设和国家宏观政策制定的基础上,总结了中原地区钢结构行业在钢材和型钢生产、设计理论与技术支撑、钢结构制造加工与安装以及与钢结构相关的产业发展优势,指出了本地区钢结构行业的发展机遇,并针对目前所存在的问题进行讨论,揭示了当前促进中原经济区建设中钢结构行业进一步发展的大致方向。