我国女性科技人员工作满意度影响因素的实证分析——人口统计特征视角

对31省市女性科技人员问卷调查的分析,说明我国女性科技人员的工作满意度状况有同有异。由内在工作满意度得分较高可以看出,大多数女性科技工作者对科研工作本身是热爱的。但也可看出：30—45岁以下年龄段的、本科学历的、西部地域的、教师和医务人员之外的女性科技工作者满意度较低。这对女性科技人员的管理改善提供了有益的信息。     

双重的约束：女性科技人才成长的制约因素分析

近年来,我国的科技事业发展迅速。然而,科技人才队伍中的女性科技人才却发展较为缓慢,原因在于女性科技人才的发展受到了公私领域的双重约束即私人领域的家庭劳动、家庭决策、家庭教育投资以及公共领域的科技人才准入、培育和评价机制制约了女性科技人才的发展。在这种双重约束下,女性科技人才只能在具有性别排斥的科技领域中充当幕后支撑力量,相反,男性则在科技人才发展中占主导优势,成为主要的受惠群体。     

文化身份的焦虑与追寻——对卢新华《紫禁女》的一种解读

流散群体的文化身份问题愈来愈受到文化研究领域的关注,流散写作以文学的形式展现流散群体对文化身份的焦虑与诉求。卢新华的小说《紫禁女》为流散群体文化身份的建构探索出一条新路,即:以中国传统文化精神为核心,汲取西方的文化精华,创造出一种独立的华裔新文化,从而成为西方多元文化社会中的一元。     

女性农民工职业边缘化的若干思考

通过对女性农民工职业边缘化现状透视,了解职业角色对女性农民工在城市的生存状态、社会地位、发展前景的重大影响,深入分析职业边缘化产生的主客观原因,并进行对策层面的认真思考,围绕扩展女性农民工的视野、提高群体的综合素质、改变消极的就业态度,以及政府出台相关政策等,促使女性农民工改变职业边缘化状态,谋求在城市的全面、自由发展。     

南京市失地农民养老保险水平定量分析

以南京市为例,在对失地农民养老保险替代率进行界定的基础上,对南京市失地农民养老保险替代率进行了测算,测算结果显示：南京市失地农民养老金替代率在5%～24%之间,替代水平偏低。而采用ELES模型测定其合意替代率应在26%～41%之间。据此提出建议,为相关部门调整失地农民养老保障水平提供参考。     

中美两国妇女生育双胞胎率的比较分析

本文比较了中美两国育龄妇女生育双胞胎率的差异以及与年龄的关系,指出一卵双胎率和二卵双胎率大小．不但与妇女妊娠年龄有关,而且与遗传有关．     

Female labor force participation in the US: How is immigration shaping recent trends?

Women entered the paid workforce in unprecedented numbers during the 20th century. Yet recent years have been witness to a creeping reversal in women's labor force participation. Why did the revolution stall? In response to debates over a “natural” limit to women's employment, or a cultural backlash against the dual-breadwinner household, we consider an alternative explanation, namely whether immigration has slowed the growth in female labor force participation. Using CPS data from 1998 to 2018, we show that the increase in the share of immigrants and children of immigrants in the population has reduced overall female labor force participation. However, immigration accounts for relatively little of the retreat from the labor force. Instead, the compositional effect of population change is overshadowed by behavioral shifts that affect both natives and immigrants. Lower participation rates among native-born women accounts for most of the overall decline. Despite persistent differences, we also find substantial convergence in the labor force behavior of native-born and foreign-born women, which bodes well for the long-term economic incorporation of immigrants and their children.     

Asymptotically optimal Berry-Esseen-type bounds for distributions with an absolutely continuous part

Recursive and closed form upper bounds are offered for the Kolmogorov and the total variation distance between the standard normal distribution and the distribution of a standardized sum of n independent and identically distributed random variables. The method employed is a modification of the method of compositions along with Zolotarev's ideal metric. The approximation error in the CLT obtained vanishes at a rate O(n^−k/2+1), provided that the common distribution of the summands possesses an absolutely continuous part, and shares the same k−1 (k?3) first moments with the standard normal distribution. Moreover, for the first time, these new uniform Berry-Esseen-type bounds are asymptotically optimal, that is, the ratio of the true distance to the respective bound converges to unity for a large class of distributions of the summands. Thus, apart from the correct rate, the proposed error estimates incorporate an optimal asymptotic constant (factor). Finally, three illustrative examples are presented along with numerical comparisons revealing that the new bounds are sharp enough even to be used in practical statistical applications.     

我国通货膨胀结构突变及不确定性检验

 我们利用GARCH (1, 1) 模型对我国通货膨胀率动态过程中的结构转变点进行了样本内及样本外检验,进而对通货膨胀不确定性进行测度。研究发现,我国通货膨胀率序列在1983年1月至2008年5月之间存在一个显著的结构转变,结构转变点发生在1996年1月,这与我国在1996年成功实现经济“软着陆”的事实相一致。基于两个基准模型和五个比较模型在不同预测水平下对样本外数据进行预测所得结果表明,五个比较模型在大多数情况下能够获得小于两个基准模型的均值损失。此外,我们使用多个模型进行联合预测,发现联合预测的结果具有一定的代表性。     

Multiple change-point estimation with U-statistics

We consider a multiple change-point problem: a finite sequence of independent random variables consists of segments given by a known number of the so-called change-points such that the underlying distribution differs from segment to segment. The task is to estimate these change-points under no further assumptions on the within-segment distributions. In this completely nonparametric framework the proposed estimator is defined as the maximizing point of weighted multivariate U-statistic processes. Under mild moment conditions we prove almost sure convergence and the rate of convergence.