《约翰·克利斯朵夫》中的安多纳德--凄美的法国文学女性形象

安多纳德是小说的两大主人公约翰·克利斯朵夫和奥里维之间的桥梁 ,正是通过她 ,他们两人才相知相遇。安多纳德是这篇小说的心灵世界不可缺少的推动力。安多纳德在小说中刚出场时是一个无忧无虑的少女形象。在经历了内心决定性的转变与爱和自我牺牲的精神主宰了她的心灵世界后 ,她那凄美的女性形象方才完整地呈现出来。这种转变是通过爱的净化、苦难的净化与宗教虔诚的净化带来的。安多纳德的女性形象所代表的正是这样凄美的爱和虔诚的力量。它由最后的死亡与神秘信仰所带来的净化得到最终完成     

呆一会儿。”弗兰姆顿·纳托绞尽

较吕锊唤骋?像这样正式拜访一连串毫不相识的人,究竟对他应该接受的放松神经的治疗能否有所帮助。The Open WindowSaki0新东方英语(大学版)New Oriental English82-85H319.4F08517F;F085_17Saki;80-83理查德·布兰森:如此人生博仰;薛竹;世界上恐怕很难找出第二家像英国维珍集团(Virgin Group)这样的大型商义系。与现有文凭指标相比,这类可比化、标准化的总和指标在测量人力资本方面具有显著的优越性。     

A cohort analysis of female labor participation rates in the U.S. and Japan

Aggregate data of female labor participation rates in U.S. and Japan, classified by period and by age, are decomposed into age, period, and cohort effects using innovative Bayesian cohort models that were developed to overcome the identification problem in cohort analysis. The main findings are that in both countries, age effects are the largest and period effects are the smallest; in both countries, age effects are roughly consistent with life-cycle movements expected by labor economics, but the negative effects of marriage and/or childbearing on women?’s labor supply in Japan are much larger than those observed in the U.S.; and in both countries, upward movements of cohort effects during 1930s–1960s were found. However, cohort effects are larger for the U.S. than for Japan. All the cohort results are roughly consistent with the marriage squeeze hypothesis and the Easterlin hypothesis.     

Treatment of Female Pathological Gambling: The Efficacy of a Cognitive-Behavioural Approach

Given that a substantial proportion of current pathological gamblers are female, it is evident that women are underrepresented in the treatment outcome literature. The current study was designed to redress the limited information on the treatment of female pathological gambling. Although the use of cognitive-behavioural therapy is the most highly recommended approach as ‘best practice’ for the treatment of pathological gambling, no attempt to date has been made to evaluate the efficacy of this approach for female pathological gambling. Nineteen female pathological gamblers with electronic gaming machine problems were treated with a cognitive-behavioural program. While pathological gamblers placed on a waiting list did not show significant improvement on gambling behaviour and psychological functioning measures, the female pathological gamblers showed significant improvement on these measures over the treatment period, and maintained this improvement at the 6-month follow-up evaluation. By the completion of the follow-up period, 89% of participants no longer met diagnostic criteria for pathological gambling. Although further scientific demonstration and replication are required, the outcomes of this study indicate that the therapy that is considered ‘best practice’ in the treatment of pathological gambling is effective for female pathological gambling.     

个人言说、底层经验与女性叙事--以林白为个案

中国女性文学与底层世界之间一直存在着一种错位的关系,它潜在的危机正伴随着其蔚为大观而逐渐显露出来.这促使林白开始重视起"别人的声音",林白有意识地弃绝了自己早期擅长的个人言说.对自己早期的个人化立场有了相当明晰的反思和批判,转而探索属于中国底层女性的言说方式.这标识着其女性立场的深化.林白的这种探索在一定程度上修正了上世纪90年代几乎已经被定型化了的中国女性叙事经验,成为中国女性文学及至中国当代文学本土说的开始.     

女神与女从——中国文学中女性伦理表现的两极性

在女性主义视阈下研究中国文学应注重其民族特色。儒家文化精神为主导的女性伦理,是中国女性历史上主体位置缺席的“元凶”。然而,儒家伦理之于女性又呈现二律背反现象。儒家伦理的妇德将女性置于“从属”地位,儒家伦理中的孝道在中国“母性崇拜”的历史文化背景中又将作为母亲的女性推到社会主体文化表述者位置。这形成中国女性处境不同于西方女子的特殊性与复杂性,也是中国古代文学“女神”般的母亲形象与处于男性附属地位的“女从”形象两极化表现的缘由。它导致中国女性在自我意识的觉醒、自我解放的自觉性方面整体地迟钝于西方女性。     

“学术反思”视域下的先秦女性社会地位研究--读《先秦女性社会地位研究》

《先秦女性社会地位研究》一书,从“学术反思”的视域对先秦女性社会地位问题进行了深入的探讨。先秦女性社会地位是历史上形成的,是各种文化要素相互作用的结果。从部落社会到文明社会初期,正是这些文化要素促成了两性社会地位的逐步分化。进入文明成熟期后,男性主导的社会通过各种制度性文化规范巩固了两性社会地位的分化。在这些文化规范制约下,女性已经认同了男性社会所赋予她的性别角色。该项研究具有突出的问题意识,其结论及研究方法对当前性别社会史研究具有一定的启示意义。     

Estimation of the number of jumps of the jump regression functions

This paper suggests an estimator of the number of jumps of the jump regression functions. The estimator is based on the difference between right and left onesided kernel smoothers. It is proved to be a.s. consistent. Some results about its rate of convergence are also provided.