中国改革周期中的公共政策变化(1949-2002年)——一个财政视角的考察

对中国五十多年改革周期中政策变化的研究有多种角度,从财政视角进行的研究很好地揭示了制度变迁中政府行为的规律。1949-1978年、1978-2001年是中国政府的财政压力波动周期,在整个过程中,公共政策的演变影响到契约的完全性,财政危机引发政府短期政策操作并产生累积效用,收入分化引致制度僵滞,集体行动中权威出现。     

高校农村籍女大学生就业问题调查研究

选取浙江高校农村女大学生为主要调查对象,分析农村籍女大学生的就业压力和就业满意度.调查结果显示:农村籍高校女大学生的就业压力普遍较大;生源的城乡差异对初次就业压力的影响并不明显,性别差异对就业压力影响更大;家庭社会资本存在较为明显的城乡差异,对就业情况产生直接影响;农村籍女大学生对初次就业的总体满意度较高,但各项指标均...     

财政分权理论的研究主题与方法

财政分权理论是当前公共财政领域研究的前沿课题。对多级财政体制下政府、政府行为和政策选择问题的研究构成了该理论的核心主题。该理论对地方性公共产品的研究是基于Samuelson-Musgrave公共产品理论对效率问题和公共选择分析范式的对政治程序问题的探讨。新制度财政分权理论以公共选择理论为起点,对财政分权的激励机制设计问题的研究突破了传统分权理论的分析框架。在此基础上,整合了财政分权政策制定的规范和实证方法的交易成本政治学构成了研究方法上的创新。     

Integrated sustainable development evaluation based on human well-being indices and pressure indices: A case study of the South China Sea Neighboring Countries

To overcome the inherent shortcomings of the human development index (HDI) and to improve the comparability of evaluation results, in this study, an evaluation indicator system of regional sustainable development pressures was constructed based on catastrophe theory. An improved catastrophe model was used to calculate the sustainable development pressure index (SPI), which was combined with the human development index (HDI) proposed by the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) to explore the human welfare and sustainable development pressures in 9 countries bordering the South China Sea in the period 2003–2015 based on statistical data provided by the World Bank. It was found that during the period of investigation, the level of human welfare in the region gradually increased and the HDI steadily rose, with an average annual growth rate between 0.29% and 2.50%. The sustainable development pressures in the South China Sea neighboring region were very high, and the development models in this region can be divided into 4 types: very high level human welfare with very high sustainable development pressures; high level human welfare with very high sustainable development pressures; medium level human welfare with very high sustainable development pressures; and low level human welfare with very high sustainable development pressures. It is recommended that a country should explore its own development path based on the actual situation in the country to reduce sustainable development obstacles. Moreover, bilateral or multilateral cooperation should be actively pursued to solve the bottleneck problems that restrict regional sustainable development.     

高层白领的社会压力及其影响因素——基于第三期中国妇女社会地位调查数据的分析

在高层白领中,存在着较为普遍的社会压力感。这种压力感既与个人心理因素有关,同时受制于当前社会宏观环境的影响,对影响个人社会压力感知的因素需要构建从微观到宏观的分析框架。对第三期中国妇女社会地位调查数据的分析表明,对高层白领社会压力感构成显著影响的因素包括年龄、健康、婚姻以及收入满意度等。因此,缓解高层白领遭受的社会压力,既需要个人和家庭的调节力量,更需要社会政策营造公平合理的制度环境。     

试析大学生职业成熟度的培育

我国大学生职业成熟度不高,这对他们今后的职业生涯相当不利,如何提高大学生的职业成熟度是社会、学校、家庭需要高度关注的一个重要课题。除了大学生要努力提高自身素质外,还要加强政府和社会的宏观调控作用,对大学生进行职业心理指导和培训,发挥家庭的导向作用。     

Rotten Parents and Disciplined Children: A Politico‐Economic Theory of Public Expenditure and Debt

This paper proposes a dynamic politico‐economic theory of fiscal policy in a world comprising a set of small open economies, whose driving force is the intergenerational conflict over debt, taxes, and public goods. Subsequent generations of voters choose fiscal policy through repeated elections. The presence of young voters induces fiscal discipline, that is, low taxes and low debt accumulation. The paper characterizes the Markov‐perfect equilibrium of the voting game in each economy, as well as the stationary equilibrium debt distribution and interest rate of the world economy. The equilibrium can reproduce some salient features of fiscal policy in modern economies.     

人口老龄化对我国财政支出规模的影响——从社会保障角度出发

以我国1995—2008年财政支出规模和社会保障水平为样本,采用回归模型对两者关系进行了实证分析。此外,在该模型的基础上,加入人口老龄化变量,对老年人数量、老年抚养比与财政支出的关系进行实证分析。研究结果发现:社会保障水平与财政支出规模有着显著的正向关系;老年人数量的增加、老年抚养比的增高对财政支出规模的扩大也起了一定作用。     

地方高校青年教师心理压力探析

地方高校青年教师作为一个特殊群体,由于诸多方面的压力,其心理健康状况不容乐观,表现为职业倦怠、人际关系失谐、心理失衡以及身体的亚健康状态等等。对此,青年教师应正确看待这些压力,采取积极策略去应对、缓解;社会、高校应为青年教师提供一个宽松、和谐的发展环境,帮助他们提高心理调适能力。