人口流动性影响地方政府规模的区域差异研究

以“利维坦假说”为理论起点,对“以足投票”机制在中国的适用性进行了理论探讨,并利用相关数据进行实证检验。研究发现,中国人口流动对不同地区地方政府规模的影响存在区域差异效应。人口流动对不同地区地方官员晋升环境以及财政支出压力影响的差异是形成区域差异效应的重要原因所在。据此,应在加强政府审计、改革政绩考核体系等方面采取措施,对地方政府不合理扩张规模行为加以遏制。     

波兰地方政府融资发展过程及对我国的借鉴意义

波兰作为新兴市场化国家和经济转型国家,没有单纯依靠地方发展基金的方式解决地方基础设施的融资问题,而是采用了自有资金、政府优惠贷款、商业银行贷款和发行市政债券融资相结合的方式。波兰地方政府的这种融资方式,在保证地方政府财政良性运行的同时满足了基础设施的融资需求。波兰的成功经验,为解决我国地方政府的融资和保持财政平衡问题提供了借鉴,波兰市政债券的发展也为我国发展市政债券提供了经验。     

城乡统筹发展视角下农村公共品效供给的财税政策研究——以安徽省为例

取消农业税后,农村公共品供给短缺的问题成为新农村建设的瓶颈。因此,如何增加农村公共品的有效供给,已经成为建设社会主义新农村必须关注的重要实践和理论问题。本文以安徽省为例,对农村公共品供给短缺的财政原因进行了梳理与分析,并就建立健全以增加农村公共品为目标取向的分税制财政体制、通过财政资金的有效整合提高农村公共品供给的效率、把握财政投入的重点优先保证农村急需的公共品供给以及如何充分发挥税收在农村公共品供给中的作用等问题进行了初步思考。     

Taxation,Fiscal Decentralisation and Legitimacy: The Role of Semi‐Autonomous Tax Agencies in Peru

This article analyses the Servicios de Administración Tributaria (SAT), which currently operate in nine Peruvian cities, to show that semi‐autonomous tax agencies can play a significant role in strengthening the effectiveness, efficiency and legitimacy of decentralised tax systems. Its findings indicate that the SAT collect local taxes and non‐tax revenues more effectively than conventional tax administrations, and that, although the SAT model per se does not generate strong incentives for the promotion of efficiency, efficiency may become more important once the SAT are consolidated. Finally, there are hints that the Peruvian SAT contribute to the legitimacy of the tax system thanks to higher levels of transparency and client orientation.     

扩张财政政策对内外均衡的影响分析 ——基于篮子货币汇率制度下的蒙代尔—弗莱明模型

 内容提要：本文根据中国当前的实际情况,对经典的M-F模型进行了修正,提出了基于篮子货币汇率制度的M-F模型,并在修正的M-F模型框架下对扩张财政政策对国民收入的影响效力进行了理论和实证分析。本文在前述分析的基础上进一步分析了财政支出对国内消费的决定作用。最后本文基于以上的分析,针对当前中国内外失衡的现状,提出当前政府应实施扩张的财政政策、优化财政支出结构等相关对策建议。     

The cyclically-adjusted primary balance: A novel approach for the euro area

This paper presents novel estimates for the cyclically-adjusted primary balance for 18 countries of the Euro area over years 1999–2017. We improve the methodology adopted by the European Commission by using quarterly rather than annual frequency data and providing accurate identification of the budgetary items whose response can be considered automatic to the economic cycle. This disaggregated outcome combined with high frequency data marks a significant improvement with respect to previous studies. The empirical analysis is implemented on two sub-periods to examine the impact of governments’ discretionary fiscal policy before and after the Great Recession. The most striking policy implication is that even though the budgetary policy of most European countries can be qualified in principle as anticyclical, this outcome has been weakened by the impact of discretionary policies of many governments especially after the crisis. The results are robust to the use of different de-trending methods.     

治国理政、财税改革与法治图景———中国语境下财税法律制度之建构简

执政党报告提出了法治是治国理政之基本方式的重要命题。财税体制改革作为中国经济和政治体制改革的突破口和着眼点,被认为是运用法治思维和法治方式来深化改革和推动发展最重要的试金石。经过近30年的努力,中国财税法律制度得以基本建构,财政民主理念、税收法定主义和纳税人权利保护原则等概念谱系得以确立并渐进完善,但在岁入课税、预算支出与财政管理等方面仍然存在诸多理论困境和实践难题。在当前和今后一段时间,财政控权理念、财税均衡主义和精细化绩效预算原则等规范图景会日渐清晰,并将成为新时期财税法治建设的重要目标,引领中国财税法律制度的可持续发展。     

财政下乡:现代国家的基层财政建设

财政下乡是近代以来国家政权建设的一项基本命题。文章基于财政社会学的视角,在国家政权建设的框架下,总结了基层财政转型的三种模式,即汲取—政府强制模式、积累—政社一体模式、惠农—政府自主模式,打破了学界对财政转型的线性思考,即从税收国家走向预算国家的欧洲经验。我国基层财政建设不能简单照搬西方现代预算制度,必须在国家政权建设的宏观框架下,对财政合法性建设给予历史的、具体的理解。基层财政建设的当务之急是要强化公众参与,将群众路线落到实处,重新赢得广大人民群众的信任。     

The government spending multiplier: Evidence from county level data

The passage of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) of 2009 has brought fiscal policy to the forefront once again. The size of the “multiplier” of government spending becomes of critical importance for determining the effect of stimulus programs. Yet there is considerable controversy about this issue. This study adds to the discussion on the size of the multiplier by using earnings data by county. This allows the creation of a panel data that includes 3141 counties for the time period 2001–2012. We estimate the federal government spending multiplier to be approximate 1.5. Our estimate for state and local spending multipliers are considerably smaller. Our results have implication for policy in that federal programs will be more effective for stabilization county economies than state or local spending.     

A State‐centred Explanation of the Finance‐Pension Nexus: New Zealand's Pension Reforms as a Typical Case

This study analyses the decision‐making processes that led to the introduction of the New Zealand Superannuation Fund (a public pension reserve and investment fund), as well as the KiwiSaver Scheme, which is New Zealand's first soft‐compulsory private pension scheme. Why and how are governments engaged in the development of funded pensions? These are the questions this study addresses. In analyzing the finance‐pension nexus in New Zealand, this article adopts a state‐centric approach. It argues that pension funding reforms are shaped by state officials who pursue their own motives because policymakers frame funded pensions as an instrument for achieving broader fiscal, economic and financial policy outcomes. Because New Zealand is a typical case of a state‐centric explanation, a study of its pension funding reforms helps in finding causal links between finance and pensions.