Institutional antecedents of subsidiary external embeddedness: Coping with regulatory competitive constraints

We investigate institutional antecedents to subsidiary external embeddedness and relate regulation constraining competition in local service sectors to subsidiary embeddedness with local partners in complementary sectors. Combining research on business networks with arguments derived from transaction cost economics, we argue that subsidiary external embeddedness depends on the extent of transaction costs originating from small numbers bargaining, which regulatory competitive constraints in local service sectors are a source of. Based on this logic, we suggest that low and high levels of regulatory competitive constraints are associated with greater subsidiary external embeddedness. We also suggest that this U-shaped relationship is more pronounced for subsidiaries that are centers of excellence within the multinational enterprise because these subsidiaries heavily depend on the local context as a source of their competitive advantage over their sister subsidiaries.     

Crossing borders with social media: Online social networks and FDI

Social media is embedded in today's internationalization strategy. Companies extend their reach into foreign countries by posting and tweeting. Firms also enhance their mobile capabilities in foreign markets (e.g., knowledge and reputation) through user-generated content in online social networks. Levering on the capabilities-based theory of the multinational enterprise, this paper builds upon a resource-based, industry/network-based, and institution-based view framework. The study provides a comprehensive conceptual and empirical model to explain the effect of social networks on foreign direct investment. Empirical analysis in a global panel dataset of >4500 multinational enterprises suggests that online social networks' activity stimulates foreign capital expenditure and new affiliates. In addition, the article explores the relevance of customer capabilities along with sectoral and institutional moderating effects.     

广东对外贸易与经济增长关系的协整分析

利用多种计量分析工具,从总量和增长效应的角度研究了广东进出口与GDP增长间的关系。研究发现:从长期来说,进口、出口与GDP存在唯一稳定关系,出口较进口对经济增长有更大的促进作用;从短期来说,进口增长、出口增长都是GDP增长的Granger原因,出口增长同时也是进口增长的Granger原因,进口增长、出口增长都带动了经济增长,而且进口增长比出口增长与经济增长有更稳定、更紧密的联系     

20年代初苏俄在外蒙古问题上的对华政策

20世纪20年代初期中苏建交谈判期间,苏俄从其自身国家安全利益出发,采取强行出兵外蒙追剿白匪和坚持长期驻军库伦的作法,来占有当时主权属于中国的外蒙古地区,在外蒙古问题上对华采取了大国沙文主义和民族利己主义政策.     

外商直接投资与我国环境安全研究综述

笔者回顾了近年来关于外商直接投资与我国生态环境关系的研究,采用贸易环境效应分析基本框架,将外商直接投资对环境的影响分解为规模效应、结构效应、技术效应和政策效应四个方面,而不是采用“污染避难所”和“污染光环”等单因素分析方法,从而更加全面地探讨了两者之间的复杂关系。最后指出,如何协调统一外商直接投资与东道国生态环境发展目标已成为未来该领域的主要研究方向。     

美国对外援助政策及其价值取向

对外援助是战后国际关系的一个重要内容 ,对外援助是国内政治的拓展 ,是一个国家推行其外交政策的工具。当然 ,随着国与国之间在经济、文化方面依赖的不断加强 ,特别是随着非政府组织的介入 ,对外援助在很大程度上也越来越追求更多的人文关怀。美国是世界上开展官方发展援助最早的国家 ,在规模和程度上也非其他国家所能比拟 ,美国推行的对外援助政策集中体现了美国人的价值取向     

国民政府对陪都外国记者的态度

抗日战争时期,国民政府对陪都外国记者既倚重,又掣肘,结果自然是“瓜”、“豆”俱获,其虚弱本质暴露无遗。     

加入WTO后的中国经济及日本的对策

虽然东亚产业分布正从"一极集中"到"多极分散",中国东部沿海也在迅速崛起,但笔者依然反对"中国威胁论",认为中国实行的是"非完全、彻底的"市场化,且沿海地区的迅速发展不能代替说明整个中国的发展。与此同时,加入WTO之后会对中国经济和世界经济产生深远的影响,并将成为日本及其国民真正迈向国际化的契机。日本要想有效地利用好中国的优势,一方面应与中国地方政府合作,支持本地中小企业的对外发展,另一方面必须大力推进内部国际化。     

A Range-Based Multivariate Stochastic Volatility Model for Exchange Rates

In this paper we present a parsimonious multivariate model for exchange rate volatilities based on logarithmic high-low ranges of daily exchange rates. The multivariate stochastic volatility model decomposes the log range of each exchange rate into two independent latent factors, which could be interpreted as the underlying currency specific components. Owing to the empirical normality of the logarithmic range measure the model can be estimated conveniently with the standard Kalman filter methodology. Our results show that our model fits the exchange rate data quite well. Exchange rate news seems to be currency specific and allows identification of currency contributions to both exchange rate levels and exchange rate volatilities.     

如何在课堂上帮助学生克服外语学习焦虑的心理障碍

外语学习过程是信息加工过程,学习成绩的好坏受诸多主客观因素的影响,如个人的认知差异、智力差异、年龄、兴趣、学习动机等等。但除了这些因素外,学习者的个人情感因素对外语学习的影响越来越受到学者的关注。积极情绪、情感的参与会产生良好的教学效果,相反,消极的情感如焦虑、抑制、沮丧、怀疑等会影响学习潜力的正常发挥。