林权改革的宪法学思考

2008年6月8日《中共中央国务院关于全面推进集体林权制度改革的意见》公布,引发了新阶段的集体林产权制度改革。从宪法学角度对其进行分析,一方面林权改革过程中＂林＂本身涉及到森林、林木和林地的所有权和使用权问题,这关涉到《宪法》第9条森林资源权利问题和《宪法》第10条土地制度问题。另一方面,林权改革是以政府主导型模式进行推进,主要在中共中央国务院的决定、意见等规范性文件指导下进行,而对制定这些规范性文件的政府权力行使的合宪性考察也是本文关注的重点。     

善行旅游:森林生态旅游开发的一种良好实践——以福州国家森林公园为例

善行旅游是一种新的、值得推广的消费文明,旨在促进旅游可持续发展理念和行为的有机融合,主要包括旅游利益相关者的"善行"和旅游资源与活动的"善行"两个方面,对推动森林生态旅游的实践进程大有裨益。以福州国家森林公园为例,发现福州国家森林公园发展过程中存在旅游文化内涵缺乏、交通不便、科普功能较弱、环保意识欠缺、资源与环境压力较大等问题,亟待解决。基于此,从善行理念的塑造与善行理念的践行两个层面,认为福州国家森林公园生态旅游开发应从文化环境的塑造、自然环境的保护以及利益相关者的善行实践等方面进行策略选择。研究证明,善行旅游是森林生态旅游开发的一种良好实践。     

现代林业统计范围和产出测算相关问题探讨

内容提要：伴随传统林业向现代林业的转变以及森林可持续发展的关注,林业统计从范围到产出指标的内涵都发生了巨大变化。本文第一部分的主题是林业统计范围,探索从内容扩展、产业链延长两个方面实现传统林业统计范围扩展;第二部分的主题是林业产出统计,一方面讨论现有林业产出统计方法的改进,同时结合环境经济核算原理,将内容延伸到森林资源耗减和森林生态服务方面,提出以森林总产出表征森林对经济体系的贡献;最后立足森林核算框架,简要总结森林与林业的关系。     

天然林资源保护工程区可持续发展初探

我国实施天保工程取得了显著的生态效益,但在实施过程中也遇到许多社会和经济问题。本文从阐述天保工程的实施现状入手,探讨了天保工程对林区社会、经济产生的不利影响,包括政府财政资金投入不足、社会保障体系尚未健全、产业结构调整缓慢与经营管理不善4个方面,最后提出了促进天保工程区经济社会可持续发展的几点建议。     

Erlangized Fluid Queues with Application To Uncontrolled Fire Perimeter

Abstract

The present paper develops an “Erlangization” method for fluid queues. It then applies the results we derive to a forestry problem: the evolution of an uncontrolled fire perimeter over time. Specifically, we focus on the probability of containing a fire prior to reaching a randomly distributed, finite time horizon. Transitions to lower non-zero levels are also investigated. A preliminary model is introduced to demonstrate the potential of the application, and numerical results are given for illustrative purposes.     

对伊春林区“天保”工程运行状况的分析及建议

伊春林区作为我国东北地区的大型国有林区,自1998年实施"天保"工程以来,取得了明显的成效:木材产量缩减、林木生长量及森林覆被率提高、森林生态效益有所恢复.但该林区在林木采伐管理、森林资源管护责任制的推行、企业发展及林下产品开发利用等方面还存在一些问题.该文通过对伊春林区"天保"工程运行状况的分析,针对现存的一些主要问题,提出了实现林区资源和经济可持续发展的若干建议.     

More than just trees: Assessing reforestation success in tropical developing countries

Rural communities in many parts of the tropics are dependent of forests for their livelihoods and for environmental services. Forest resources in the tropics have declined rapidly over the past century and therefore many developing countries in the tropics have reforestation programs. Although reforestation is a long-term process with long-term benefits, existing evaluations of the success of these programs tends to focus on short-term establishment success indicators. This paper presents a review of reforestation assessment that highlights the need to not only consider short-term establishment success, but also longer-term growth and maturation success, environmental success and socio-economic success. In addition, we argue that reforestation assessment should not be based on success indicators alone, but should incorporate the drivers of success, which encompasses an array of biophysical, socio-economic, institutional and project characteristics. This is needed in order to understand the reasons why reforestation projects succeed or fail and therefore to design more successful projects in future. The paper presents a conceptual model for reforestation success assessment that links key groups of success indicators and drivers. This conceptual model provides the basis for a more comprehensive evaluation of reforestation success and the basis for the development of predictive systems-based assessment models. These models will be needed to better guide reforestation project planning and policy design and therefore assist rural communities in tropical developing countries to alleviate poverty and achieve a better quality of life.     

吉林重点森工企业天保工程实施情况调研报告

在国家天保工程区范围内，国有重点森工企业共137个，为了客观评价天保工程对工程区产生的社会、生态及经济影响，国家林业重点工程社会经济效益测报中心设计了反映国有重点森工企业天保工程实施情况的监测指标体系，2004年分层随机抽取35个国有重点森工企业作为社会经济效益监测点。为保证指标体系填写的质量，同时了解天保工程实施过程中出现的新情况和新问题，测报中心选择了吉林省4个国有林业局进行调研，该文是对三岔子林业局的调研报告。     

Ecological restoration of a fragmented urban shrine forest in southeastern Hyogo Prefecture,Japan: Initial effects of the removal of invasive <Emphasis Type="Italic">Trachycarpus fortunei</Emphasis>

We investigated the species composition of a fragmented forest in Nishinomiya Shrine, southeastern Hyogo Prefecture, Japan. Two escaped ornamental species, Trachycarpus fortunei and Ligustrum lucidum, and bird-dispersed deciduous trees were invading the evergreen broadleaf forest. Invasive and bird-dispersed deciduous species were most abundant along the outer edge of the forest. In 2005, restoration measures were taken to remove all individuals of T. fortunei from the forest. We estimated that, biomass density and leaf area index (LAI, leaf area per unit ground area) of T. fortunei were 0.23 kg m⁻² and 0.77, respectively, which accounted for 8.9% and 27.9% of the biomass density and LAI, respectively, of the entire forest. After removal, canopy openness increased in the understory. However, the understory lacked seedlings and saplings of native species, indicating that active re-vegetation may be needed to accelerate reestablishment of native species in areas that were heavily invaded by T. fortunei. This study represents one of the first examples of active vegetation management in shrine/temple forests in Japan.     

中国退耕还林政策之社会性别分析——以宁夏、贵州为例

以社会性别的视角分析退耕还林政策的文本与实践,可以发现其中存在不少盲点和问题,如在立法与实施的环节大多缺乏社会性别视角、有关法律法规缺乏配套,导致妇女林业、土地等权利未能得到保障,未能很好地发挥妇女在社会生产生活中的作用。作者主张,在当前中国退耕还林生产力比较落后的情况下,应着重满足社会性别的实践性需要,逐步满足社会性别的战略性需要,在立法与实践中逐步实现社会性别主流化,以促进妇女发展与社会的发展。