林权改革与森林旅游业发展

林权改革,就是改变旧有以往的不合理的林权利用管理模式,建立新的适合社会发展的林权管理模式,使森林资源得到最合理的开发利用,在现有及至将来能够最大限度的利国利民。我国林权改革的方向之一应该是大力发展森林旅游业,这既适应了目前全球＂低碳经济＂方向发展的需求,也为我国经济的可持续发展提供了大力保障。     

唐至元时黄土高原腹地植被变迁

泾洛流域居黄土高原腹地,唐宋金时期,随着气候变冷变干,加之人为屯田开发,使原来这一地区的山地森林植被减少,旱生草类和泾洛上游农田植被增加。元代虽在关中和陇东屯田,但农田植被不如前代面积广大,而草地植被有所增加。明了黄土高原腹地植被的变迁,窥斑见豹,对今天恢复这一地区的植被意义重大。     

More than just trees: Assessing reforestation success in tropical developing countries

Rural communities in many parts of the tropics are dependent of forests for their livelihoods and for environmental services. Forest resources in the tropics have declined rapidly over the past century and therefore many developing countries in the tropics have reforestation programs. Although reforestation is a long-term process with long-term benefits, existing evaluations of the success of these programs tends to focus on short-term establishment success indicators. This paper presents a review of reforestation assessment that highlights the need to not only consider short-term establishment success, but also longer-term growth and maturation success, environmental success and socio-economic success. In addition, we argue that reforestation assessment should not be based on success indicators alone, but should incorporate the drivers of success, which encompasses an array of biophysical, socio-economic, institutional and project characteristics. This is needed in order to understand the reasons why reforestation projects succeed or fail and therefore to design more successful projects in future. The paper presents a conceptual model for reforestation success assessment that links key groups of success indicators and drivers. This conceptual model provides the basis for a more comprehensive evaluation of reforestation success and the basis for the development of predictive systems-based assessment models. These models will be needed to better guide reforestation project planning and policy design and therefore assist rural communities in tropical developing countries to alleviate poverty and achieve a better quality of life.     

生态旅游开发探讨—以广州流溪河国家森林公园为例

生态旅游是强调人与自然和谐共存的可持续旅游,是符合历史潮流的一种最高层次的旅游类型,也是旅游开发必须遵循的指导思想。生态旅游开发综合效益显著。以广州流溪河国家森林公园为例,论述了其生态旅游开发所具有的突出优势,认为庆将基开发成为依托广州、面向珠三角和港澳地区,以林、水为特色,具有游览观光、度假疗养、科普科考、会议娱乐、美食购物等功能的生态旅游样板区和广州拳头旅游产品,重点鹫 要生态旅游、湖泊生态旅游、观光农业生态旅游、文化生态旅游以及土特产生态旅游等系列产品,并从统一规划管理、抓住重点和突出特色、协调各方关系、加大宝剑和人才培养力度等方面提出了保障措施和对策。     

High-dimensional Canonical Forest

Recently, a new ensemble classification method named Canonical Forest (CF) has been proposed by Chen et al. [Canonical forest. Comput Stat. 2014;29:849–867]. CF has been proven to give consistently good results in many data sets and comparable to other widely used classification ensemble methods. However, CF requires an adopting feature reduction method before classifying high-dimensional data. Here, we extend CF to a high-dimensional classifier by incorporating a random feature subspace algorithm [Ho TK. The random subspace method for constructing decision forests. IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell. 1998;20:832–844]. This extended algorithm is called HDCF (high-dimensional CF) as it is specifically designed for high-dimensional data. We conducted an experiment using three data sets – gene imprinting, oestrogen, and leukaemia – to compare the performance of HDCF with several popular and successful classification methods on high-dimensional data sets, including Random Forest [Breiman L. Random forest. Mach Learn. 2001;45:5–32], CERP [Ahn H, et al. Classification by ensembles from random partitions of high-dimensional data. Comput Stat Data Anal. 2007;51:6166–6179], and support vector machines [Vapnik V. The nature of statistical learning theory. New York: Springer; 1995]. Besides the classification accuracy, we also investigated the balance between sensitivity and specificity for all these four classification methods.     

Applied general equilibrium analysis of trade liberalisation on land-based sectors in Malaysia and Indonesia

This paper presents general equilibrium evaluations of forest sector trade for Southeast Asian exporters. The four scenarios examined range from the 1994 Uruguay Round tariff reductions to a complete liberalisation of forest and agricultural products trade. We find that simultaneous reductions in forest and agricultural sector tariffs make Indonesia and Malaysia worse off. For Indonesia, this is due to the fall in forest rent and agricultural tariff revenues. Malaysia has the highest ratio of agricultural imports to total land-based sector imports, the rise in agricultural prices thus hits Malaysian consumers the hardest.We find that terms of trade effect omitted from the partial equilibrium framework may reduce the welfare calculations for Malaysia and Indonesia in the forest sector trade by as much as 106 and 58%, respectively. This points to the importance of general equilibrium modelling in the logging industry. The same applies to other sector specific analyses where trade is concentrated between few countries.     

普洱江城花腰傣祭"竜林"习俗的文化生态学意义初探

祭"竜林"是普洱江城花腰傣的传统习俗,其中体现了花腰傣感悟自然、崇敬神灵的民族特性和人与自然和谐相处的生态观,在保持其传统农业生态系统的良性循环中起到关键作用.普洱花腰傣祭"竜林"习俗是展现花腰傣音乐、舞蹈、民间习俗、民间崇拜等文化传统的舞台,是研究花腰傣历史文化的重要窗口.     

The Meanings of Trees: Forest and Identity for the Batek of Pahang,Malaysia

According to the Batek of Pahang, Peninsula Malaysia, if there were no people in the forest, the world would collapse. This position is tantamount to an indigenous concept of environmental guardianship. Guardianship is emergent in people's ongoing interactions with the forest. By focusing on the meanings of trees and forest, I will explore the Batek's view of their role in reproducing the forest. Their focus is not on the physical aspects of the forest but, rather, the relationship that renders that resource apparent. The disengagement of trees from everyday life—to the extent that they must be pushed from human society, specially protected in human-free parks and reserves and so on—has not yet begun for them. The problem is whether these concepts can coexist with official simplifications in resource management.     

女性主义眼光下的《挪威的森林》

《挪威的森林》是一部男性话语的叙事作品,小说中一些女性人物形象,在叙述者菲勒斯中心主义倾向的影响下,成为满足男性欲望的工具或祭品。而以往的评论者却忽视了作者这一价值观对女性人物所造成的戕害．小说中的女性人物面临着三大问题：“性”与“爱”的分离、身份缺失以及“阴茎羡慕”。     

石林大旅游时代的文化理念探析

国家级风景名胜区石林在大旅游时代来临之际,欲求得长足发展,关键是要突显阿诗玛为表征的民族文化,克服目前过于重视物质、设备的投入,较少注重精神、文化理念投入的弊病。真正营构一个富有民族特色和深厚内蕴的系统化的人文大环境,把美丽奇特的天下奇观石林打造成为充满亲情的、和谐的人间乐园。