森林认证与中国木材产业竞争力研究

随着可持续发展观念的逐渐深入,旨在促进森林可持续经营的森林认证将成为影响木材产业竞争力的重要因素。笔者回顾了森林认证的起源与发展,介绍了中国森林认证的发展现状,并分别从森林资源供给安全、木材产业经营效率、木材产业成长空间三个方面,就森林认证对中国木材产业竞争力的影响进行了深入探讨。     

The Role of Indigeneity NGOs in the Legal Recognition of Adat Communities and Customary Forests in Indonesia

The main assumption of indigeneity NGOs in Indonesia is that state recognition will strengthen indigenous peoples’ rights to their land and forests against ongoing or future dispossession. In Indonesia, legal recognition has become central to the approaches of indigeneity NGO campaigns, while the local realities and problems among indigenous communities seem to receive less attention. Has legal recognition of indigenous communities turned into a national NGO project that does not solve the communities’ land and forest-related problems? In this article, we compare two locations where communities have succeeded in obtaining state recognition. By focusing our analysis on the steps in the recognition process, from articulating community problems to eventually solving them, we show how indigeneity NGOs have had a dominant role, but achieved limited success. Instead of resulting in community autonomy and tenure security, the legal recognition process reproduces state territorialisation over customary forests and communities.     

农村集体林权流转法律问题探究

林权流转能够盘活森林资源,促进林业产业化发展,实现森林资源的经济效益和生态效益,是林权改革的一项新举措。当前在全面推进集体林权制度改革中,转包、转让、互换、入股、抵押、出租等林权流转方式已获得广泛应用,但同时也存在着诸多问题。通过加快相关立法的建设,协调部门法;规范林权流转程序,加强林权交易管理;减少林权流转中的限制条件,使农村集体林权流转更加适应林业经济改革发展的需要。     

故意毁坏森林、林木罪立法构想——兼议哄抢林木、毁坏林木行为的刑法性质

近年来,国家在保护森林资源方面取得了一些成就,但破坏森林资源的违法犯罪行为仍普遍存在。群众聚众哄抢林木,故意毁坏林木,时有发生,致使森林资源遭到严重破坏。在探寻此类行为的刑法性质时,发现以现行刑法规定的罪名来定罪处罚缺乏科学性。为完善森林资源保护法律体系,非常有必要在刑法中增设故意毁坏森林、林木罪,以解决现存的司法困境。同时,应该阐明其犯罪构成,并规定在刑罚措施中增加一些恢复森林生态环境的非刑罚措施。     

Random sliced inverse regression

Sliced Inverse Regression (SIR; 1991) is a dimension reduction method for reducing the dimension of the predictors without losing regression information. The implementation of SIR requires inverting the covariance matrix of the predictors—which has hindered its use to analyze high-dimensional data where the number of predictors exceed the sample size. We propose random sliced inverse regression (rSIR) by applying SIR to many bootstrap samples, each using a subset of randomly selected candidate predictors. The final rSIR estimate is obtained by aggregating these estimates. A simple variable selection procedure is also proposed using these bootstrap estimates. The performance of the proposed estimates is studied via extensive simulation. Application to a dataset concerning myocardial perfusion diagnosis from cardiac Single Proton Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) images is presented.     

殖民生态视角下林芙美子的森林情怀

林芙美子是日本昭和时期著名女作家,在日本的近代文学史上具有举足轻重的作用。林芙美子的文学记述中呈现了若干森林元素,表达了她对森林的挚爱和向往,客观再现了日本殖民时代对森林资源的攫取与侵蚀,并流露出她对人与自然关系的生态直觉意识。林芙美子曾是日本对外侵略战争的积极支持者,但对于日本殖民造成的森林灾难,她有一种源自内心的悲哀和抵触。这种森林情怀成为整体把握林芙美子文学思想不可忽略的一个侧面。     

神农谷国家森林公园游客环境态度与行为调查

以神农谷国家森林公园游客为研究对象,以便利抽样方式调查森林旅游游客环境态度与环境行为的相关关系,以指导神农谷森林旅游可持续经营与管理的需要。经分析得到环境责任、生态关系、游客意愿和居民福祉四个游客环境态度因子,参与互动、积极参与、环境干扰、环境维护和后续保护五个游客环境行为因子。研究发现,神农谷游客环境态度与环境行为倾向整体较高,游客环境态度与环境行为意向显著相关。     

河南省天然林保护工程效益评价分析

运用森林生态环境效益评价的方法,对河南省天然林保护项目实施区域的现有森林效益进行评价,同时对实施天然林保护工程所增加森林的生态效益进行评价,说明了在我省实施天然林保护工程的效益.     

Distribution and activity of bats at local and landscape scales within a rural–urban gradient

We examined the relationship between bat species activity and composition and the extent of forest cover and urbanization in and adjacent to 11 U.S. National Park Service, National Capital Region Parks in Maryland, Virginia, West Virginia, and Washington, D.C., from 2003–2004, using mist nets, harp traps, acoustical detectors, and visual observations in a variety of habitats. Our efforts included 363 trap nights across 74 sites along with acoustical sampling at 362 sites. We captured 383 bats and identified 6,380 echolocation passes of 6 species. Both overall and species-specific activities were affected more by forest fragmentation within parks than by urbanization adjacent to parks. With an ability to exploit anthropogenic structures for day-roosts, big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus) were the most ubiquitous and probably the most abundant species in NCR Parks, particularly in forested, urban parks. Northern myotis (Myotis septentrionalis), and to a lesser extent, little brown myotis (Myotis lucifugus) were more prevalent in forested, rural parks of the Ridge and Valley and Blue Ridge than in eastern, less forested urban parks of the Piedmont and Coastal Plain physiographic provinces. Retention of larger, residual forest tracts and day-roosting habitat (i.e., trees and snags) would be beneficial to most species, as urban expansion continues throughout the region.     

论石林旅游业的可持续发展

石林是闻名遐尔的旅游景区。这里除了具有以喀斯特地貌为特色的自然景观外 ,还有丰富的民族文化资源。石林旅游业的发展既要充分认识、开发这些资源 ,又要重视文化主体———当地居民和社区的参与 ;在发展中建构产业发展模式 ,优化资源配置 ,调整经济利益分配格局 ,完善旅游管理和协调机制 ,走可持续发展之路。