内涵逻辑发展的新趋势

内涵逻辑产生于上世纪60年代，如今它已经在计算机学科、人工智能、语言学、哲学甚至数学基础等如此多样性的学科中发挥着强有力的理论和实践工具的作用。对当代内涵逻辑文献的阐述，不仅可以使我们了解内涵逻辑的个性化理论内容，以及表现于这些内容中的新思想和研究成果，同时也可以使我们更好地展望内涵逻辑的发展趋势和研究方向。     

Human Error Contribution in Collision and Grounding of Oil Tankers

The purpose of this article is to present a quantitative analysis of the human failure contribution in the collision and/or grounding of oil tankers, considering the recommendation of the “Guidelines for Formal Safety Assessment” of the International Maritime Organization. Initially, the employed methodology is presented, emphasizing the use of the technique for human error prediction to reach the desired objective. Later, this methodology is applied to a ship operating on the Brazilian coast and, thereafter, the procedure to isolate the human actions with the greatest potential to reduce the risk of an accident is described. Finally, the management and organizational factors presented in the “International Safety Management Code” are associated with these selected actions. Therefore, an operator will be able to decide where to work in order to obtain an effective reduction in the probability of accidents. Even though this study does not present a new methodology, it can be considered as a reference in the human reliability analysis for the maritime industry, which, in spite of having some guides for risk analysis, has few studies related to human reliability effectively applied to the sector.     

Locating Gender Neutrality in Formal and Informal Aspects of Organizational Cultures

This article describes and analyzes the practices that conceal gender at work in the contexts of different organizational cultures. The case studies on which I base my discussion derive from clerical work in two organizational settings. The interpretation I suggest is that regardless of their sex, age or hierarchical position at work, employees regard gender as a personal and intimate issue that, with the exception of pay, does not belong to the sphere of work. Gender issues raise questions that disturb the preferred harmony in everyday life in workplaces. Consequently, the employees seemed to think that hierarchical differences are located in society at large, not in their own workplaces. The analysis shows that age, position and technology shaped differences not only between women and men in organizations, but also among female clerical workers. Thus the results relate both to the practical realities at work and to the gender identities of clerical employees in their organizational cultures.     

逻辑运算教学六法

分析了逻辑运算的特声、和规律，总结了逻辑运算教学中的实践经验，得出了口诀法、替换法、取值法、类推法、多路法和分层法等六种教学方法。     

伟大的教义学家、哲学家、伊斯兰权威安萨里

安萨里是阿拉伯历史上著名的、影响深远的哲学家、思想家。他站在伊斯兰教正统派的立场上,对伊斯兰教问世后500年来的经验和问题,进行了深入的研究;尤其是对当时众多的教派和学派,以及他们不同的理论及观点,作了认真的分析和澄清,某种意义上,可以说安萨里再次统一了伊斯兰思想界的认识,维护了正统的思想体系和理论基础。     

翻译过程中的视图重构

译者的核心任务是传达原文思想,再现原文画面,而不是寻求一个字面对等的词,因此译者应该清晰看到一幅图画。原作的措辞造句,逻辑思维和文章脉络都定格在源语特定的环境中,一旦进入译语环境,这些就得重新调整,但是依何调整呢?答案是原作构建的图景和画面。译者可从意象图,思维试图和结构试图解析原作画面,并依此在译文中重构一幅三维等效视图,把原作的效果再现出来。简言之,译者要构建一幅图画必须思考三个问题:画面里有什么景物,这些景物怎么排列又如何摆置。     

采集系统报警电路

根据自动控制系统的要求，用一片555时基电路设计了一种报警电路。介绍了设计方法并对电路工作原理作了分析，同时给出软件的程序流程图。     

Information seeking in secondary schools: A multilevel network approach

In this study, we investigate information seeking interactions in secondary schools from a multilevel network approach. Based on network-related theories, we examine the facilitating role of formal subunits. We apply exponential random graph models for multilevel networks and summarize our findings by using a meta-analysis technique. Our results indicate that formal subunits (e.g. subject departments) can, to some extent, facilitate interactions, in loosely coupled organizations (e.g. secondary schools). Finally, this study shows that a multilevel network approach can provide a more informative representation of information seeking ties in knowledge-intensive organizations.     

《墨经》的“援”式类推

“援”式类推体现了《墨经》的逻辑类型, 《墨经》的逻辑类型是不同于演绎逻辑和归纳逻辑的类推逻辑。从《墨经》所讨论的主要推论形式出发来了解古代逻辑初创时期的逻辑类型, 不仅对研究中国逻辑史有重要的方法论意义, 而且对于丰富和发展普通逻辑也有很大的现实意义。     

Evaluation logic in practice: Findings from two empirical investigations of American Evaluation Association members

Surveys of two independent random samples of American Evaluation Association (AEA) members were conducted to investigate application of the logic of evaluation in their evaluation practice. This logic consists of four parts: (1) establish criteria, (2) set standards, (3) measure performance on criteria and compare to standards, and (4) synthesize into a value judgment. Nearly three-fourths (71.84% ± 5.98%) of AEA members are unfamiliar with this logic, yet a majority also indicate its importance and utility for evaluation practice. Moreover, and despite unfamiliarity with the four steps of the logic of evaluation, many AEA members identify evaluative criteria (82.41% ± 3.34%), set performance standards (60.55% ± 7.39%), compare performance to standards (62.14% ± 5.98%), and synthesize into an evaluative conclusion (75.00% ± 5.80%) in their evaluation practice. Much like the working logic of evaluation, however, application of the general logic varies widely.